Estrogen in the male: a historical perspective†
| العنوان: | Estrogen in the male: a historical perspective† |
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| المؤلفون: | Paul S. Cooke, Rex A. Hess |
| المصدر: | Biology of Reproduction. 99:27-44 |
| بيانات النشر: | Oxford University Press (OUP), 2018. |
| سنة النشر: | 2018 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Male, 0301 basic medicine, Infertility, medicine.drug_class, Physiology, Estrogen receptor, Review, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rete testis, Testis, medicine, Animals, Humans, Reproduction, Estrogens, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Estradiol binding, medicine.disease, Epididymis, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Receptors, Estrogen, Reproductive Medicine, Estrogen, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Estrogen receptor alpha, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Signal Transduction, Hormone |
| الوصف: | Estrogens have traditionally been considered female hormones. Nevertheless, the presence of estrogen in males has been known for over 90 years. Initial studies suggested that estrogen was deleterious to male reproduction because exogenous treatments induced developmental abnormalities. However, demonstrations of estrogen synthesis in the testis and high concentrations of 17β-estradiol in rete testis fluid suggested that the female hormone might have a function in normal male reproduction. Identification of estrogen receptors and development of biological radioisotope methods to assess estradiol binding revealed that the male reproductive tract expresses estrogen receptor extensively from the neonatal period to adulthood. This indicated a role for estrogens in normal development, especially in efferent ductules, whose epithelium is the first in the male reproductive tract to express estrogen receptor during development and a site of exceedingly high expression. In the 1990s, a paradigm shift occurred in our understanding of estrogen function in the male, ushered in by knockout mouse models where estrogen production or expression of its receptors was not present. These knockout animals revealed that estrogen's main receptor (estrogen receptor 1 [ESR1]) is essential for male fertility and development of efferent ductules, epididymis, and prostate, and that loss of only the membrane fraction of ESR1 was sufficient to induce extensive male reproductive abnormalities and infertility. This review provides perspectives on the major discoveries and developments that led to our current knowledge of estrogen's importance in the male reproductive tract and shaped our evolving concept of estrogen's physiological role in the male. |
| تدمد: | 1529-7268 0006-3363 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/biolre/ioy043 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0eb6f4e9fd799c24dbe8a432be0b8b02 https://doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioy043 |
| Rights: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....0eb6f4e9fd799c24dbe8a432be0b8b02 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 15297268 00063363 |
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| DOI: | 10.1093/biolre/ioy043 |