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1
المؤلفون: Silvestri, Alessandro
مصطلحات موضوعية: the Sicilian parliament began periodically granting the Crown an amount of money (donativum, continuing the fiscal policy established in previous centuries. These revenues were higher by far than those from occasional direct collections of money (collette) because the Crown possessed a huge royal demesne (i.e, and incomes pertaining to the monarchy). This meant sovereigns received significant income generated by customs duties and tolls paid at the urban level, such as those imposed on the aristocracy, the ecclesiastical, local governments independently organized the distribution of the fiscal burden due for the donation among their citizens. The donation remained the fundamental fiscal tool through which the Crown raised direct income during the entire early modern era when Sicily was a member the Spanish empire. It used the monies to fund various wars, Sardinia, and the urban estates). In turn, although they suffered significant deterioration from the seventeenth century onward, the Crown obtained even larger sums from taxes on the wheat trade. A regular system of direct taxation was introduced in Sicily only in the mid-fifteenth century, the Principality of Barcelona, as well as the realm of Naples between 1442 and 1458 and then from 1504 onward. Under Alfonso V of Aragon (1416–58), i.e, called the Magnanimous, and Valencia, as well as from various other levies, in particular, a group of parliamentary members called deputati [deputies] administered the revenue collection on behalf of parliament, and the island’s Jewish community. In addition to this, rulers were in constant need of income. They had to organize systems of direct taxation that ensured regular and expected revenues to supplement the irregular income from indirect taxes and levies of various origins. The fiscal development of the Kingdom of Sicily was not different from that of other Renaissance monarchies and republics, at the urban level, a few decades after the island lost its political independence (1409) and became a constituent member of the Crown of Aragon, Sicilian monarchs largely relied on indirect taxation, The Renaissance age was pivotal for the organization and development of European polities’ fiscal systems. Because of the increasing costs of war and bureaucracy, rulers were in constant need of income. They had to organize systems of direct taxation that ensured regular and expected revenues to supplement the irregular income from indirect taxes and levies of various origins. The fiscal development of the Kingdom of Sicily was not different from that of other Renaissance monarchies and republics, except for its late development of regular direct taxation. For a long time, Sicilian monarchs largely relied on indirect taxation, continuing the fiscal policy established in previous centuries. These revenues were higher by far than those from occasional direct collections of money (collette) because the Crown possessed a huge royal demesne (i.e., towns, lands, and incomes pertaining to the monarchy). This meant sovereigns received significant income generated by customs duties and tolls paid at the urban level, as well as from various other levies, such as those imposed on the aristocracy, the church, and the island’s Jewish community. In addition to this, the Crown obtained even larger sums from taxes on the wheat trade. A regular system of direct taxation was introduced in Sicily only in the mid-fifteenth century, a few decades after the island lost its political independence (1409) and became a constituent member of the Crown of Aragon, a union of territories that also included the kingdoms of Aragon, Majorca, Sardinia, and Valencia, the Principality of Barcelona, as well as the realm of Naples between 1442 and 1458 and then from 1504 onward. Under Alfonso V of Aragon (1416–58), called the Magnanimous, the Sicilian parliament began periodically granting the Crown an amount of money (donativum, i.e., donation) in exchange for various demands on the king, de facto following the model of the Iberian parliamentary assemblies. This direct taxation allowed the monarch to receive a regular income as the donation was paid in instalments by the three estates that made up parliament (the baronial, the ecclesiastical, and the urban estates). In turn, a group of parliamentary members called deputati [deputies] administered the revenue collection on behalf of parliament, also precisely establishing the sum to be paid by the members of each estate, at the urban level, local governments independently organized the distribution of the fiscal burden due for the donation among their citizens. The donation remained the fundamental fiscal tool through which the Crown raised direct income during the entire early modern era when Sicily was a member the Spanish empire. It used the monies to fund various wars, in particular, the defense of Sicily from the Turkish threat. But even as the donation was regularized, revenues from indirect taxation remained the main source of the Crown’s income, although they suffered significant deterioration from the seventeenth century onward, a union of territories that also included the kingdoms of Aragon, Majorca, the church, lands, donation) in exchange for various demands on the king, The Renaissance age was pivotal for the organization and development of European polities’ fiscal systems. Because of the increasing costs of war and bureaucracy, de facto following the model of the Iberian parliamentary assemblies. This direct taxation allowed the monarch to receive a regular income as the donation was paid in instalments by the three estates that made up parliament (the baronial, the defense of Sicily from the Turkish threat. But even as the donation was regularized, revenues from indirect taxation remained the main source of the Crown’s income, except for its late development of regular direct taxation. For a long time, towns, also precisely establishing the sum to be paid by the members of each estate
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2Book
المؤلفون: Alessandro Silvestri
المساهمون: Kristen Poole e Suzanne Sutherland, Silvestri, Alessandro
مصطلحات موضوعية: The Renaissance age was pivotal for the organization and development of European polities’ fiscal systems. Because of the increasing costs of war and bureaucracy, rulers were in constant need of income. They had to organize systems of direct taxation that ensured regular and expected revenues to supplement the irregular income from indirect taxes and levies of various origins. The fiscal development of the Kingdom of Sicily was not different from that of other Renaissance monarchies and republics, except for its late development of regular direct taxation. For a long time, Sicilian monarchs largely relied on indirect taxation, continuing the fiscal policy established in previous centuries. These revenues were higher by far than those from occasional direct collections of money (collette) because the Crown possessed a huge royal demesne (i.e., towns, lands, and incomes pertaining to the monarchy). This meant sovereigns received significant income generated by customs duties and tolls paid at the urban level, as well as from various other levies, such as those imposed on the aristocracy, the church, and the island’s Jewish community. In addition to this, a few decades after the island lost its political independence (1409) and became a constituent member of the Crown of Aragon, a union of territories that also included the kingdoms of Aragon, Majorca, Sardinia, and Valencia, the Principality of Barcelona, as well as the realm of Naples between 1442 and 1458 and then from 1504 onward. Under Alfonso V of Aragon (1416–58), called the Magnanimous, the Sicilian parliament began periodically granting the Crown an amount of money (donativum, i.e., donation) in exchange for various demands on the king, de facto following the model of the Iberian parliamentary assemblies. This direct taxation allowed the monarch to receive a regular income as the donation was paid in instalments by the three estates that made up parliament (the baronial, the ecclesiastical, and the urban estates). In turn, a group of parliamentary members called deputati [deputies] administered the revenue collection on behalf of parliament, also precisely establishing the sum to be paid by the members of each estate, at the urban level
Time: the Crown obtained even larger sums from taxes on the wheat trade. A regular system of direct taxation was introduced in Sicily only in the mid-fifteenth century, although they suffered significant deterioration from the seventeenth century onward
Relation: ispartofbook:Routledge Resources Online - The Renaissance World; firstpage:N/A; lastpage:N/A; https://hdl.handle.net/11386/4830591; https://www.taylorfrancis.com/entries/10.4324/9780367347093-RERW115-1/taxation-renaissance-sicily-alessandro-silvestri-kristen-poole-suzanne-sutherland?context=rrorw&refId=c0cfd936-831a-48e2-b605-d38a993d2a30
الاتاحة: https://hdl.handle.net/11386/4830591
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367347093-RERW115-1
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/entries/10.4324/9780367347093-RERW115-1/taxation-renaissance-sicily-alessandro-silvestri-kristen-poole-suzanne-sutherland?context=rrorw&refId=c0cfd936-831a-48e2-b605-d38a993d2a30 -
3Book
المؤلفون: Alessandro Silvestri
المساهمون: Kristen Poole e Suzanne Sutherland, Silvestri, Alessandro
مصطلحات موضوعية: The Renaissance age was pivotal for the organization and development of European polities’ fiscal systems. Because of the increasing costs of war and bureaucracy, rulers were in constant need of income. They had to organize systems of direct taxation that ensured regular and expected revenues to supplement the irregular income from indirect taxes and levies of various origins. The fiscal development of the Kingdom of Sicily was not different from that of other Renaissance monarchies and republics, except for its late development of regular direct taxation. For a long time, Sicilian monarchs largely relied on indirect taxation, continuing the fiscal policy established in previous centuries. These revenues were higher by far than those from occasional direct collections of money (collette) because the Crown possessed a huge royal demesne (i.e, towns, lands, and incomes pertaining to the monarchy). This meant sovereigns received significant income generated by customs duties and tolls paid at the urban level, as well as from various other levies, such as those imposed on the aristocracy, the church, and the island’s Jewish community. In addition to this, a few decades after the island lost its political independence (1409) and became a constituent member of the Crown of Aragon, a union of territories that also included the kingdoms of Aragon, Majorca, Sardinia, and Valencia, the Principality of Barcelona, as well as the realm of Naples between 1442 and 1458 and then from 1504 onward. Under Alfonso V of Aragon (1416–58), called the Magnanimous, the Sicilian parliament began periodically granting the Crown an amount of money (donativum, i.e, donation) in exchange for various demands on the king, de facto following the model of the Iberian parliamentary assemblies. This direct taxation allowed the monarch to receive a regular income as the donation was paid in instalments by the three estates that made up parliament (the baronial, the ecclesiastical, and the urban estates). In turn, a group of parliamentary members called deputati [deputies] administered the revenue collection on behalf of parliament, also precisely establishing the sum to be paid by the members of each estate, at the urban level
Time: the Crown obtained even larger sums from taxes on the wheat trade. A regular system of direct taxation was introduced in Sicily only in the mid-fifteenth century, although they suffered significant deterioration from the seventeenth century onward
Relation: https://hdl.handle.net/11386/4830591
الاتاحة: https://hdl.handle.net/11386/4830591