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1Academic Journal
المؤلفون: Putri, Kurnia Sari Eka, Tarmizi, A, Khairiyani, Khairiyani
المصدر: Aksyana : Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Islam; Vol 2, No 1 (2022): September; 95-113 ; Jurnal Akuntansi; Vol 2, No 1 (2022): September; 95-113 ; 2808-4004 ; 2808-425X ; 10.35194/ajaki.v2i1
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2
المؤلفون: Roberto Alvarez, Erwin Hansen
مصطلحات موضوعية: Foreign Currency Debt, Foreign exchange, Bonds, Interest rates, Macroeconomics, Export Sales, Foreign Assets, Firm performance, foreign exchange, non-financial firms, interest rate, jel:E22, jel:G31, jel:F34
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المؤلفون: Pollner, John D.
مصطلحات موضوعية: STATE BANK, ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS, SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS, FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION, ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES, DEPOSIT, LIQUIDATION, SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS, DISTRESSED BANKS, ADEQUATE LEGAL PROTECTION, ESTATE, LIQUIDATION OF ASSETS, IMMINENT INSOLVENCY, NUMBER OF BANK, COMMERCIAL INSOLVENCY LAW, DEPOSIT INSURANCE, LIQUIDATIONS, BANK LIABILITIES, OFF BALANCE SHEET, CORPORATE INSOLVENCY PROCEEDING, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, CREDITOR CLASSES, FINANCIAL MARKET, MORAL HAZARD, TYPES OF DEBT, GOOD FAITH, ASSUMPTION TRANSACTIONS, REORGANIZATION, VOLUNTARY LIQUIDATIONS, ASSET VALUES, DEPOSITS, DEPOSIT INSURANCE FUND, CREDITORS, ORDINARY BANKRUPTCY, PUBLIC SERVICES, PERSONAL LIABILITY, SYSTEMIC RISK, ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS, SETTLEMENTS, MANDATE, PROPERTY RIGHTS, CORPORATE INSOLVENCY FRAMEWORK, PROCEDURES FOR INSOLVENCY, ASSET MANAGEMENT, BALANCE SHEET, BANK INSOLVENCY REGIMES, FOREIGN BANKS, DEPOSIT INSURANCE SCHEMES, ASSUMPTION OF LIABILITIES, INTEREST RATES, BANK RUN, JUDGES, CLAIM, FINANCIAL SERVICES, INSOLVENCY FRAMEWORKS, ASSET SALES, PROFITABILITY, CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS, BANK FAILURE, LAST RESORT, PURCHASE AND ASSUMPTION TRANSACTIONS, DECLARATION OF BANKRUPTCY, FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE, AUDITS, BANKRUPTCY, COOPERATIVE BANKS, LIQUIDATION STAGE, BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS, CONSOLIDATION, JUDICIARY, MARKET PARTICIPANTS, DERIVATIVES, NEW LEGAL FRAMEWORK, PRIVILEGED CREDITOR, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, FINANCIAL SYSTEM, LIABILITY, DEPOSIT INSURANCE AGENCIES, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, COURT PROCEEDINGS, BANKRUPTCY CASES, WINDING UP, BANKS, COOPERATIVE BANKING SECTOR, BANK RESTRUCTURING, CAPITAL INJECTIONS, REORGANIZATION PLANS, LOAN, JUDICIAL POWERS, NONPERFORMING LOANS, LEGAL FRAMEWORKS, CENTRAL BANKS, SUBSIDIARY, BANK INSOLVENCY, CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS, ASSET VALUE, SUPERVISORY AUTHORITIES, BALANCE SHEET INSOLVENT, DEPOSIT INSURANCE AGENCY, ILLIQUIDITY, LAWS, FINANCIAL CONTRACTS, FINANCIAL STRUCTURE, BANKING LAWS, DEPOSITORS, JUDICIAL AUTHORITIES, PRESENT VALUE, ACCOUNTABILITY, COMMERCIAL INSOLVENCY, BANKRUPTCY PETITION, COOPERATIVE BANKING, COMPETITOR BANKS, BANKING SYSTEM, RECEIVERSHIP, BANKING SUPERVISION, BOOK VALUE, CREDITOR, DEBT OBLIGATION, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, REORGANIZATION PROCEEDINGS, RECEIVER, REGULATORY FORBEARANCE, PARTIAL TRANSFERS, INSOLVENCY PROCEDURE, TIER 1 CAPITAL, ARRANGEMENT WITH CREDITORS, BANKING LAW, LIQUIDATION PROCEDURES, DEBTOR, AUDITING, BANK INSOLVENCY FRAMEWORK, BANK INSOLVENCY REGIME, LIQUIDATOR, FORMAL BANKRUPTCY, CORPORATE INSOLVENCY, SETTLEMENT, DEPOSITOR, BANK LIQUIDATION, CREDIT INSTITUTIONS, SUBORDINATED DEBT, GUARANTEE FUND, CLAIMANTS, FEATURES OF INSOLVENCY LAW, DEPOSIT GUARANTEE, GOING CONCERN, FINANCIAL REGULATION, REHABILITATION PLANS, LOAN LOSS PROVISIONS, BANKRUPTCIES, IMPAIRED ASSETS, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, MARKET VALUE, OPERATIONAL RISKS, REGULATORY REPORTS, DEBT, NUMBER OF CREDITORS, BANKING SECTOR, VALUE OF ASSETS, CREDITOR CLAIMS, ASSET RATIO, BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURES, CAPITAL ADEQUACY, MARKET DISCIPLINE, JURISDICTIONS, INSUFFICIENT FUNDS, TRADITIONAL BANKRUPTCY, BALANCE-SHEET INSOLVENT, SUPERVISORY POWERS, COMMERCIAL INSOLVENCY LAWS, GOING CONCERN VALUE, CREDIBILITY, CIVIL PROCEDURE, LEGAL PROTECTION, PUBLIC FUNDS, BANK INSOLVENCIES, INSURED DEPOSITS, ACCOUNTING, BANKING AUTHORITY, SALARY, SOLVENT BANKS, FINANCIAL INDICATORS, WRITE OFFS, FINANCIAL STABILITY, CORPORATE INSOLVENCY LAW, RECAPITALIZATION, FINANCIAL INSTITUTION, LEGAL REFORM, ACCESS TO CREDIT, PRIORITY OF CREDITOR, ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIONS, LEGISLATION, OPEN BANK, COMMERCIAL BANKS, SALES OF ASSETS, DEPOSIT INSURANCE FUNDS, ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANIES, LOAN ASSETS, SALARIES, SUPERVISORY ACTION, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, BENEFIT OF CREDITORS, TRUSTEE, PAYMENT OF CLAIMS, SUBSIDIARIES, FINANCIAL REPORTING, BANK CREDITORS, BANKRUPTCY LAW
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المؤلفون: World Bank
مصطلحات موضوعية: VALUATION, TAX, BANKING SUPERVISION, INSURANCE COMPANIES, ACCOUNTING FIRMS, SHAREHOLDERS, DEPRECIATION, INFLATION, LIQUIDATION, EQUIPMENTS, QUALITY ASSURANCE, PUBLIC ACCOUNTING, CREDITOR, EMPLOYMENT, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, DOMESTIC MARKET, INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS, AUDIT COMMITTEE, MACROECONOMICS, ADVERTISING, TERRORISM, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, PRODUCTIVITY, ACCOUNTING STANDARD, LOCAL CAPACITY, COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES, MUNICIPALITIES, DUE DILIGENCE, FINANCIAL CRISIS, CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, COMMERCIAL CODE, RETURNS, COLLATERAL, COLLATERALS, PENSION, BONDS, POLITICAL STABILITY, AUDITING, ACCOUNTING CURRICULUM, FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING, ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS, AUDITING PROFESSION, ACCOUNTING FIRM, AUDITORS, BOOKKEEPING, MICRO-FINANCE, GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING, FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS, DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS, QUANTITATIVE METHODS, ACCOUNTING STANDARDS, MARKET CAPITALIZATION, TRANSPARENCY, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, PAYMENT SYSTEMS, INVENTORIES, BORROWER, CREDIT RISKS, DEPOSITS, HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, BORROWING COSTS, COMMERCIAL LAW, CREDITORS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, STATUTORY AUDITORS, LENDING DECISIONS, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, GLOBAL ECONOMY, QUALITY CONTROL, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, SMALL BUSINESSES, INTANGIBLE ASSETS, ACCOUNTS, AUDITING STANDARDS, ACCOUNTING RULES, INDEBTEDNESS, STOCK EXCHANGE, ASSET MANAGEMENT, BALANCE SHEET, PUBLIC ENTERPRISES, INFORMATION SYSTEM, COMPLIANCE GAPS, ACCOUNTING PRACTICES, DISCOUNT RATE, BANKING SECTOR, ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES, PRUDENTIAL REGULATIONS, SECURITIES EXCHANGE, GOODWILL, MARKETING, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, CENTRAL BANK, RETURN, FINANCIAL INFORMATION, FAIR VALUE, MICRO-FINANCE INSTITUTIONS, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS, UNDERLYING ASSETS, CAPITAL MARKET, BANKING REGULATION, FISCAL DISCIPLINE, FIXED ASSETS, AUDITS, FINANCIAL REPORTS, MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT, LIMITED LIABILITY, PUBLIC FUNDS, LENDERS, ACCOUNTING, TAXATION, FINANCES, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, ACCOUNTANTS, MARKET PARTICIPANTS, REMITTANCES, TAX FRAMEWORK, AMORTIZATION, PENALTIES, RISK EXPOSURES, GOVERNMENT FINANCES, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, INVESTMENT DECISIONS, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, ACCOUNTANCY, GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEM, INSURANCE, TURNOVER, EXTERNAL AUDITORS, AUDIT ENGAGEMENTS, BUSINESS INDICATORS, OFFSHORE BANKS, TREASURY, CREDIT-RATING AGENCIES, INTERNATIONAL STANDARD, DIRECT INVESTMENT, INTERNATIONAL MARKET, GOOD PRACTICES, LOAN, EXPENDITURES, LEGISLATION, ACCOUNTING REFORM, SECURITIES, COMMERCIAL BANKS, SALES OF ASSETS, PRUDENTIAL SUPERVISION, SALES, ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM, ISSUANCE, ACCOUNTANT, ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANIES, ACCOUNTING RECORDS, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CREDITOR RIGHTS, ACCOUNTING REPORTS, FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE, INTANGIBLE, LEGAL OBLIGATIONS, TAX RULES, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, CASH FLOWS, TRANSPORT, LAWS, SAVINGS, STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT, BUSINESS COMMUNITY, FINANCIAL REPORTING, ACCOUNTABILITY, ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING, FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, GOOD PRACTICE, EXPENDITURE, HUMAN RESOURCE, QUALITY OF WORK, TRANSACTION
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المؤلفون: International Monetary Fund, World Bank
مصطلحات موضوعية: WARRANTS, PENSION FUNDS, COUNTRY RISK, SHAREHOLDERS, DEPOSIT, INFLATION, CREDIT CARD, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS, DEPOSIT INSURANCE, LEGAL AUTHORITY, PUBLIC CALL, INTANGIBLE ASSET, PROVISIONING RULES, LENDER OF LAST RESORT, CONVERTIBLE BONDS, DUE DILIGENCE, OFF BALANCE SHEET, OFFSITE SUPERVISION, CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS, COLLATERAL, PENSION, BONDS, FINANCIAL MARKET, REORGANIZATION, ACCOUNTING STANDARDS, TRANSPARENCY, EQUITY FUND, MORTGAGE, REPO, FINANCIAL MARKETS, NPL, LENDING BEHAVIOR, CREDIT RISKS, DEPOSITS, OFF BALANCE SHEET ITEMS, RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES, ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, RETAINED EARNINGS, BANKING INSTITUTION, INTANGIBLE ASSETS, BANKING INDUSTRY, STATE BANKS, SUPPLEMENTARY CAPITAL, INTERNAL CONTROLS, FOREIGN BANKS, COMMERCIAL REGISTRY, MORTGAGES, PRIVATE CAPITAL, CREDIT RISK, PRIMARY CAPITAL, PRUDENTIAL STANDARDS, CAPITAL REQUIREMENT, DOMESTIC CREDIT, PRUDENTIAL REGULATIONS, FINANCIAL SERVICES, DEBTS, PROFITABILITY, SOVEREIGN RISK, LIQUIDITY RISKS, LOAN PORTFOLIO, FOREIGN BANK, OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES, OPERATIONAL INDEPENDENCE, CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS, BANKRUPTCY, COOPERATIVE BANKS, LENDER, RETURN ON ASSETS, DERIVATIVES, BANKING ASSETS, CAPITAL MARKETS, CREDITWORTHINESS, FINANCIAL CRISES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, DECENTRALIZATION, HOST COUNTRY, FINANCIAL SYSTEM, LEGAL PROVISIONS, LIABILITY, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FOREIGN PENETRATION, BANKS, INTEREST RATE RISKS, LOAN, RISK PROFILE, RISK PROFILES, CONSOLIDATED SUPERVISION, REGIONAL BANKS, SECURITIES, NONPERFORMING LOANS, MARKET SHARE, PRUDENTIAL SUPERVISION, SEIZURE, CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT, REPAYMENT, DEVELOPMENT BANK, ISSUANCE, SUBSIDIARY, SUPERVISORY FRAMEWORK, RESERVE FUND, ILLIQUIDITY, LAWS, REPAYMENT CAPACITY, LIQUIDITY RISK, DEPOSITORS, FACE VALUE, DEBTORS, LIQUIDITY RATIOS, ACCOUNTABILITY, COOPERATIVE BANKING, RISK WEIGHTED ASSETS, CAPITAL FLOWS, VALUATION, BANKING SYSTEM, STOCK MARKET, ECONOMIC GROWTH, BANKING SUPERVISION, INSURANCE COMPANIES, OPERATIONAL RISK, CUSTODY, FINANCIAL ASSETS, CREDIT CARDS, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL CONGLOMERATES, RISK AVERSION, BANKING LAW, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, TRANSFER RISKS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, LETTERS OF CREDIT, INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS, SHAREHOLDER, DEBTOR, AUDITING, RESERVES, SUPERVISORY AUTHORITY, ASSET PORTFOLIO, CONSUMER PROTECTION, CONFLICTS OF INTEREST, CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS, RISK MANAGEMENT, SUBORDINATED DEBT, SOLVENCY, LEGAL IMPEDIMENTS, LOAN LOSS PROVISIONS, MARKET STRUCTURE, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, POLITICAL UNCERTAINTY, STOCK EXCHANGE, RISK MANAGEMENT POLICIES, OPERATIONAL RISKS, DEFAULTS, DEMAND FOR CREDIT, MARKET RISKS, UNDERLYING ASSET, INTEREST RATE RISK, DEBT, BANKING SECTOR, SUPERVISION OF BANKS, ASSET BASE, CAPITAL ADEQUACY, OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE, SUPERVISORY AGENCY, AUTONOMY, CENTRAL BANK, RETURN, FINANCIAL INFORMATION, INDIVIDUAL LOANS, SUPERVISORY POWERS, MACROECONOMIC POLICIES, INSURANCE POLICY, LITIGATION, CREDIBILITY, LEGAL PROTECTION, PRIVATE BANKS, MINISTRIES OF FINANCE, ACCOUNTING, PORTFOLIOS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST, RATING AGENCIES, VALUATIONS, REMITTANCES, ARBITRAGE, CREDIT INFORMATION, RESERVE, FOREIGN LOANS, PRUDENTIAL REGULATION, FINANCIAL STABILITY, INSURANCE, EXTERNAL AUDITORS, RECAPITALIZATION, TRADE FLOWS, MORTGAGE LOANS, INTERNATIONAL BANKS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTION, WAREHOUSES, HUMAN RESOURCES, LOCAL BANKS, DOMESTIC BANKS, COMMERCIAL BANKS, INTERNATIONAL BANK, SALES OF ASSETS, MONETARY FUND, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, PRUDENTIAL REQUIREMENTS, MARKET RISK, ACCOUNTANT, ASSET CLASSIFICATION, OFFSITE MONITORING, CREDIT INSTITUTION, INTANGIBLE, MINIMUM CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, SAVINGS, BANK SUPERVISION, CAPITAL BASE, CAPACITY BUILDING, FINANCIAL STRENGTH, CHECKS, SUBSIDIARIES, FOREIGN CURRENCY, INTEREST RATE, LIENS, HUMAN RESOURCE
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المؤلفون: Antonio Estache
مصطلحات موضوعية: AIRPORT, Public expenditure, TRANSPORT AGENCIES, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, CONGESTION, INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT, RAILWAYS, ROAD, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL, EXTERNALITIES, Economics, EMERGING MARKET, CARS, GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION, DEBT CAPITAL, LACK OF TRANSPARENCY, REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT, RETURNS, RAILWAY, TRANSPORT SECTOR, O&M, EQUITY HOLDERS, RAIL SERVICES, TOLL, REGULATORY REGIME, TRANSPARENCY, FINANCIAL MARKETS, GRACE PERIOD, EMERGING ECONOMIES, Development, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, PUBLIC SERVICES, AUCTION, CREDIT RATINGS, REGULATORY AGENCIES, ROAD PROJECTS, DEREGULATION, FARES, PRICE CAP, PERMANENT DEBT, INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES, Finance, PASSENGER RAIL, MATURITY PERIOD, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC ENTERPRISES, RAIL, TRANSPORT PROJECTS, CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS, EXCESS SUPPLY, PRIVATE EQUITY, SAFETY ISSUES, INTEREST RATES, PRIVATE CAPITAL, TRANSPORT ACTIVITIES, PRIVATE TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT REGULATION, VOLUME OF TRAFFIC, AIRPORTS, Public–private partnership, RUNWAYS, DEBTS, ASSET SALES, AUCTIONS, CONTRACT RENEGOTIATIONS, INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING, RISK OF EXPROPRIATION, FINANCING REQUIREMENTS, SURFACE TRANSPORTATION, PRIVATE FINANCING, DOMESTIC AIRPORTS, DISBURSEMENTS, INVESTMENT PROJECTS, MODES OF TRANSPORT, AIRPORT OPERATORS, PRIVATE ENTITY, RISK PREMIUMS, TAX REGIME, PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP, PORTFOLIO, TRANSPORTATION SERVICES, CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, LENDERS, ROADS, DEMAND FOR TRANSPORT SERVICES, TOLL ROAD, AIR, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, MONOPOLY, REGULATORY AGENCY, CAPITAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL EQUITY, RISK PREMIUM, MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT, INVESTMENT DECISIONS, SAFETY, EQUIPMENT, Private sector involvement, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CURRENCY, PRICE CAP REGULATION, URBAN ROADS, TOLLS, ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS, PRIVATIZATION, TRANSPORT INVESTMENT, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, MATURITY, FREIGHT, GOVERNMENT REGULATION, GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT, DEVELOPMENT BANK, LONG-DISTANCE, business.industry, TRUCKS, RETURN ON EQUITY, ROAD MAINTENANCE, OPERATING RISK, DEMAND FOR TRANSPORT, BIDS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, TRANSPORT, LAWS, TRANSPORTATION, FAIR PRICE, PRIVATIZATIONS, POTENTIAL INVESTORS, FREIGHT TRANSPORT, ROAD TRANSPORT, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL, INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS, TRANSACTION, PASSENGERS, CAPITAL FLOWS, RAILWAY REGULATORS, TAX, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, CAPITAL STRUCTURE, Firm-specific infrastructure, INTEGRATED REGULATION, PRIVATE SALES, TRANSACTION COSTS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETS, LEGAL INSTRUMENTS, RUNWAY, REGULATORY CAPACITY, INSTRUMENT, INVESTING, TRANSPORT OPERATORS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, ARBITRATION, LONG-TERM CAPITAL, INCENTIVE STRUCTURE, INVESTMENT RISK, CONFLICTS OF INTEREST, PUBLIC ASSETS, FISCAL CONSTRAINTS, REGULATORY REGIMES, AIRPORT ACTIVITIES, AIR TRAFFIC, CLIENT BASES, MARKET STRUCTURE, TAX REVENUE, POLITICAL RISKS, PUBLIC UTILITIES, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURES, ALLOCATION OF RISK, BUS SERVICES, DEBT INSTRUMENTS, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, INTERURBAN ROUTES, RENEGOTIATION, PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE, COMPLIANCE COSTS, CONGESTION COSTS, LARGE CITIES, DEBT, MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT, COST OF CAPITAL, REGULATORY AUTHORITY, HIGHWAYS, INSTITUTION BUILDING, COMMITMENT DEVICE, Dynamic efficiency, DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, CAPITAL MARKET, PUBLIC OFFERINGS, BRIDGE, TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP, CREDIBILITY, DEFICITS, ROUTE, RAIL TRACKS, PUBLIC FUNDS, ACCESS ROADS, ACCOUNTING, LIBERALIZATION, CONFLICT OF INTEREST, BRIDGE FINANCING, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, CURRENCY RISK, PRICE CAPS, PRIVATE INVESTORS, RATE OF RETURN, REGULATOR, RESTRICTIONS ON ENTRY, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, Economics and Econometrics, MARKET CONDITIONS, Restructuring, RENEGOTIATIONS, TRAFFIC, TRANSPORT SERVICES, MONOPOLIES, Deregulation, INTERNATIONAL BANK, BUS, TRANSPORT COSTS, SALES OF ASSETS, RATES OF RETURN, LEVEL OF RISK, INVESTMENT BANKS, ROLLING STOCK, PRIVATE FINANCE, RAIL PROJECTS, INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES, TRANSPORT ACTIVITY, TRANSPORT FACILITIES, POLITICAL RISK, NATIONAL SECURITY, SHARE OF INVESTMENT, Private sector, FINANCIAL STRUCTURES, OLIGOPOLIES, SAVINGS, PUBLIC WORKS, business, TOLL ROADS