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1Academic Journal
المؤلفون: Jacobsen, Geir, Hals, Arild
المصدر: BRL:MEDKIE/96116487
مصطلحات موضوعية: Advisory Committees, Age Factors, Attitudes, Autonomy, Biomedical Research, Ethical Review, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Evaluation, Females, Fraud, Freedom, Historical Aspects, Human Experimentation, Information Dissemination, Investigators, Knowledge, Males, Medical Ethics, Medicine, Misconduct, Medical Research, Physicians, Professional Autonomy, Professional Ethics, Questionnaires, Regional Ethics Committees, Regulation, Research, Research Design
Relation: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/754338
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/754338
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2
المؤلفون: McKenzie, Joanne E., Herbison, G. Peter, Roth, Paul, Paul, Charlotte
المصدر: eweb:328531
مصطلحات موضوعية: Consent, Ethical Review, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Freedom, Guidelines, Harm, Informed Consent, Institutional Ethics, Legislation, Nature, Practice Guidelines, Regional Ethics Committees, Research, Researchers, Review, Rights, Reporting, Human Experimentation
وصف الملف: Article
Relation: Trials 2010; 11: 28; http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Obstacles+to+researching+the+researchers:+a+case+study+of+the+ethical+challenges+of+undertaking+methodological+research+investigating+the+reporting+of+randomised+controlled+trials.&title=Trials+&volume=&issue=&date=2010&au=McKenzie,+Joanne+E.;+Herbison,+G.+Peter;+Roth,+Paul;+Paul,+Charlotte; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-11-28; http://hdl.handle.net/10822/1025884
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/1025884
https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-11-28
http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Obstacles+to+researching+the+researchers:+a+case+study+of+the+ethical+challenges+of+undertaking+methodological+research+investigating+the+reporting+of+randomised+controlled+trials.&title=Trials+&volume=&issue=&date=2010&au=McKenzie,+Joanne+E.;+Herbison,+G.+Peter;+Roth,+Paul;+Paul,+Charlotte -
3
المؤلفون: Brannigan, Michael C.
المصدر: eweb:316760
مصطلحات موضوعية: Ethics, Ethics Committees, Futility, Guidelines, Regional Ethics Committees, Religious Ethics, Sociology of Health Care, Ethics Committees / Consultation, Quality of Health Care, Prolongation of Life and Euthanasia, Health Care for Minorities
وصف الملف: Article
Relation: HEC(Healthcare Ethics Committee Forum) 2008 June; 20(2): 105-125; http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Heeding+community+voices+in+medical+futility+guidelines&title=HEC&volume=20&issue=2&date=2008-06&au=Brannigan,+Michael+C.; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10730-008-9070-9; http://timetravel.mementoweb.org/memento/2008/http://www.wkap.nl/jrnltoc.htm/0956-2737; http://hdl.handle.net/10822/957081
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/957081
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-008-9070-9
http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Heeding+community+voices+in+medical+futility+guidelines&title=HEC&volume=20&issue=2&date=2008-06&au=Brannigan,+Michael+C.
http://timetravel.mementoweb.org/memento/2008/http://www.wkap.nl/jrnltoc.htm/0956-2737 -
4
المؤلفون: Fauriel, I., Moutel, G., Duchange, N., Callies, I., Francois, I., Huriet, C., Herve, C.
المصدر: eweb:278174
مصطلحات موضوعية: Ethics, Ethics Committees, Regional Ethics Committees, Research, Research Subjects, Human Experimentation Policy Guidelines / Institutional Review Boards
وصف الملف: Article
Relation: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 2004 December; 40(3): 312-318; http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Improving+protection+for+research+subjects+in+France:+analysis+of+regional+ethics+committees&title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology+&volume=40&issue=3&spage=312-318&date=2004-12&au=Fauriel,+I.;+Moutel,+G.;+Duchange,+N.;+Callies,+I.;+Francois,+I.;+Huriet,+C.;+Herve,+C.; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.08.003; http://hdl.handle.net/10822/986526
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/986526
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.08.003
http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Improving+protection+for+research+subjects+in+France:+analysis+of+regional+ethics+committees&title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology+&volume=40&issue=3&spage=312-318&date=2004-12&au=Fauriel,+I.;+Moutel,+G.;+Duchange,+N.;+Callies,+I.;+Francois,+I.;+Huriet,+C.;+Herve,+C. -
5
المؤلفون: Tully, Joanna, Ninis, Nelly, Booy, Robert, Viner, Russell
المصدر: BRL:MEDKIE/20247043
مصطلحات موضوعية: Ethical Review, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Evaluation, Evaluation Studies, Guidelines, Health, Organization and Administration, Regional Ethics Committees, Research, Research Ethics, Research Ethics Committees, Review, Standards, Time Factors, droit, info
Relation: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/759845
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/759845
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6
المؤلفون: Tully, Joanna, Ninis, Nelly, Booy, Robert, Viner, Russell
المصدر: BRL:MEDKIE/20247043
مصطلحات موضوعية: Ethical Review, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Evaluation, Evaluation Studies, Guidelines, Health, Organization and Administration, Regional Ethics Committees, Research, Research Ethics, Research Ethics Committees, Review, Standards, Time Factors
وصف الملف: Article
Relation: http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=The+New+System+of+Review+by+Multicentre+Research+Ethics+Committees:+prospective+Study&title=BMJ+&volume=320&issue=7243&pages=1179-1182&date=2000&au=Tully,+Joanna; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7243.1179; http://hdl.handle.net/10822/759845
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/759845
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7243.1179
http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=The+New+System+of+Review+by+Multicentre+Research+Ethics+Committees:+prospective+Study&title=BMJ+&volume=320&issue=7243&pages=1179-1182&date=2000&au=Tully,+Joanna -
7
المؤلفون: Nicholl, Jon
المصدر: BRL:KIE/65709
مصطلحات موضوعية: Ethical Review, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Evaluation, Human Experimentation, Investigators, Regional Ethics Committees, Research, Research Ethics, Research Ethics Committees, Review, Survey
وصف الملف: Article
Relation: BMJ (British Medical Journal). 2000 Apr 29; 320(7243): 1217.; http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=The+Ethics+of+Research+Ethics+Committees&title=BMJ+&volume=320&issue=7243&pages=1217&date=2000&au=Nicholl,+Jon; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7243.1217; http://hdl.handle.net/10822/759843
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/759843
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7243.1217
http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=The+Ethics+of+Research+Ethics+Committees&title=BMJ+&volume=320&issue=7243&pages=1217&date=2000&au=Nicholl,+Jon -
8
المؤلفون: Alberti, K.G.M.M.
المصدر: BRL:MEDKIE/20247028
مصطلحات موضوعية: Communication, Disease, Ethical Review, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Human Experimentation, Regional Ethics Committees, Research, Research Ethics, Research Ethics Committees, Review, Time Factors
وصف الملف: Article
Relation: http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Multicentre+Research+Ethics+Committees:+Has+the+Cure+Been+Worse+Than+the+Disease?+No,+but+Idiosyncracies+and+Obstructions+to+Good+Research+Must+Be+removed&title=BMJ+&volume=320&issue=7243&pages=1157-1158&date=2000&au=Alberti,+K.G.M.M.; http://hdl.handle.net/10822/759847
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/759847
http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Multicentre+Research+Ethics+Committees:+Has+the+Cure+Been+Worse+Than+the+Disease?+No,+but+Idiosyncracies+and+Obstructions+to+Good+Research+Must+Be+removed&title=BMJ+&volume=320&issue=7243&pages=1157-1158&date=2000&au=Alberti,+K.G.M.M. -
9
المؤلفون: Lux, Andrew L., Edwards, Stuart W., Osborne, John P.
المصدر: BRL:MEDKIE/20247044
مصطلحات موضوعية: Comparative Studies, Ethical Review, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Guidelines, Regional Ethics Committees, Research, Research Ethics, Research Ethics Committees, Review, Time Factors
وصف الملف: Article
Relation: http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Responses+of+Local+Research+Ethics+Committees+to+a+Study+With+approval+from+a+Multicentre+Research+Ethics+Committee&title=BMJ+&volume=320&issue=7243&pages=1182-1183&date=2000&au=Lux,+Andrew+L.; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7243.1182; http://hdl.handle.net/10822/759844
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/759844
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7243.1182
http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Responses+of+Local+Research+Ethics+Committees+to+a+Study+With+approval+from+a+Multicentre+Research+Ethics+Committee&title=BMJ+&volume=320&issue=7243&pages=1182-1183&date=2000&au=Lux,+Andrew+L. -
10
المؤلفون: Beasley, John W.
المصدر: BRL:MEDKIE/99258618
مصطلحات موضوعية: Epidemiology, Ethical Review, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Geographic Factors, Health, Health Care, Human Experimentation, Primary Health Care, Regional Ethics Committees, Research, Review
وصف الملف: Article
Relation: JAMA. 1999 May 12; 281(18): 1697-1698.; http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Primary+Care+Research+and+Protection+for+Human+Subjects.++&title=JAMA.++&volume=281&issue=18&pages=1697-1698&date=1999&au=Beasley,+John+W.; http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.18.1697; http://hdl.handle.net/10822/757742
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/757742
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.18.1697
http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Primary+Care+Research+and+Protection+for+Human+Subjects.++&title=JAMA.++&volume=281&issue=18&pages=1697-1698&date=1999&au=Beasley,+John+W. -
11
المؤلفون: Abbott, Alison
المصدر: BRL:MEDKIE/99330028
مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical Research, Blood, Blood Banks, Biobanks, Confidentiality, Consent, DNA, DNA Data Banks, Drug Industry, Data Banks, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Genetic Research, Guidelines, Industry, Informed Consent, Medical Research, Regional Ethics Committees, Regulation, Research, Standards
وصف الملف: Article
Relation: Nature. 1999 Jul 1; 400(6739): 3.; http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Sweden+Sets+Ethical+Standards+for+Use+of+Genetic+'biobanks'.++&title=Nature.++&volume=400&issue=6739&pages=3&date=1999&au=Abbott,+Alison; http://hdl.handle.net/10822/759307
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/759307
http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Sweden+Sets+Ethical+Standards+for+Use+of+Genetic+'biobanks'.++&title=Nature.++&volume=400&issue=6739&pages=3&date=1999&au=Abbott,+Alison -
12
المؤلفون: Segota, Ivan
المصدر: BRL:KIE/63534
مصطلحات موضوعية: Abortion, Advisory Committees, Attitudes, Bioethics, Clinical Ethics, Education, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Health, Health Facilities, In Vitro Fertilization, Literature, Multiple Pregnancy, Organizations, Physicians, Professional Organizations, Public Policy, Pregnancy, Regional Ethics Committees, Selective Abortion
وصف الملف: Article
Relation: http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=The+First+Bioethics+Committees+in+Croatia&title=HEC+&volume=11&issue=3&pages=258-262&date=1999&au=Segota,+Ivan; http://hdl.handle.net/10822/758495
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/758495
http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=The+First+Bioethics+Committees+in+Croatia&title=HEC+&volume=11&issue=3&pages=258-262&date=1999&au=Segota,+Ivan -
13
المؤلفون: Loeben, Greg S.
المصدر: BRL:KIE/63529
مصطلحات موضوعية: Clinical Ethics, Clinical Ethics Committees, Communication, Confidentiality, Education, Ethical Review, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Evaluation, Health, Health Facilities, Regional Ethics Committees, Review, Risks and Benefits, Standards
وصف الملف: Article
Relation: http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Networking+Healthcare+Ethics+Committees:+Benefits+and+Obstacles&title=HEC+&volume=11&issue=3&pages=226-232&date=1999&au=Loeben,+Greg+S.; http://hdl.handle.net/10822/758500
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/758500
http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Networking+Healthcare+Ethics+Committees:+Benefits+and+Obstacles&title=HEC+&volume=11&issue=3&pages=226-232&date=1999&au=Loeben,+Greg+S. -
14
المؤلفون: Pinkus, Rosa Lynn B.
المصدر: BRL:KIE/63530
مصطلحات موضوعية: Clinical Ethics, Clinical Ethics Committees, Continuing Education, Curriculum, Education, Ethicists, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Financial Support, Health, Health Facilities, Health Personnel, Program Descriptions, Regional Ethics Committees
وصف الملف: Article
Relation: http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=The+Consortium+Ethics+Program:+Continuing+Ethics+Education+For+community+Healthcare+Professionals&title=HEC+&volume=11&issue=3&pages=233-246&date=1999&au=Pinkus,+Rosa+Lynn+B.; http://hdl.handle.net/10822/758499
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/758499
http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=The+Consortium+Ethics+Program:+Continuing+Ethics+Education+For+community+Healthcare+Professionals&title=HEC+&volume=11&issue=3&pages=233-246&date=1999&au=Pinkus,+Rosa+Lynn+B. -
15
المؤلفون: Holley, Sandra, Foster, Claire
المصدر: BRL:MEDKIE/98334807
مصطلحات موضوعية: Attitudes, Committee Membership, Ethical Review, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Evaluation, Forms, Guideline Adherence, Guidelines, Human Experimentation, Regional Ethics Committees, Research, Research Ethics, Research Ethics Committees, Researchers, Review, Standards, Survey, phil, info
Relation: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/757731
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/757731
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16
المؤلفون: Mitchell, Theresa, Fletcher, Ian
المصدر: BRL:MEDKIE/98254848
مصطلحات موضوعية: Education, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Faculty, Historical Aspects, Interprofessional Relations, Legal Aspects, Nurses, Nursing Education, Nursing Research, Organization and Administration, Regional Ethics Committees, Research, Research Ethics, Research Ethics Committees, Universities, Viability, droit, phil
Relation: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/758553
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/758553
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17
المؤلفون: Nicholson, Richard H.
المصدر: BRL:MEDKIE/98199868
مصطلحات موضوعية: Ethical Review, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Government, Government Regulation, Health, Human Experimentation, International Aspects, Investigators, Regional Ethics Committees, Regulation, Research, Review, Standards
وصف الملف: Article
Relation: Hastings Center Report. 1998 Jan-Feb; 28(1): 7.; http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Seeking+Harmony+in+Discord&title=Hastings+Center+Report.++&volume=28&issue=1&pages=7&date=1998&au=Nicholson,+Richard+H.; http://hdl.handle.net/10822/753417
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18
المؤلفون: Holley, Sandra, Foster, Claire
المصدر: BRL:MEDKIE/98334807
مصطلحات موضوعية: Attitudes, Committee Membership, Ethical Review, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Evaluation, Forms, Guideline Adherence, Guidelines, Human Experimentation, Regional Ethics Committees, Research, Research Ethics, Research Ethics Committees, Researchers, Review, Standards, Survey
وصف الملف: Article
Relation: http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Ethical+Review+of+Multi-Centre+Research:+a+Survey+of+Local+Research+ethics+Committees+in+the+South+Thames+Region&title=Journal+of+the+Royal+College+of+Physicians+of+London.++&volume=32&issue=3&pages=238-241&date=1998&au=Holley,+Sandra; http://hdl.handle.net/10822/757731
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/757731
http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Ethical+Review+of+Multi-Centre+Research:+a+Survey+of+Local+Research+ethics+Committees+in+the+South+Thames+Region&title=Journal+of+the+Royal+College+of+Physicians+of+London.++&volume=32&issue=3&pages=238-241&date=1998&au=Holley,+Sandra -
19
المؤلفون: Heilig, Steve, Brody, Robert V.
المصدر: BRL:MEDKIE/98193572
مصطلحات موضوعية: Assisted Suicide, Clinical Ethics, Clinical Ethics Committees, Consensus, Death, Ethicists, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Guidelines, Life, Physicians, Practice Guidelines, Public Participation, Regional Ethics Committees, Suicide, Terminal Care
وصف الملف: Article
Relation: http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Physician-Hastened+Death+and+End-of-Life+Care:+Development+of+A+community-Wide+Consensus+Statement+and+Guidelines&title=Cambridge+Quarterly+of+Healthcare+Ethics.++&volume=7&issue=2&pages=223-225&date=1998&au=Heilig,+Steve; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0963180198002199; http://hdl.handle.net/10822/752466
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/752466
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180198002199
http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Physician-Hastened+Death+and+End-of-Life+Care:+Development+of+A+community-Wide+Consensus+Statement+and+Guidelines&title=Cambridge+Quarterly+of+Healthcare+Ethics.++&volume=7&issue=2&pages=223-225&date=1998&au=Heilig,+Steve -
20
المؤلفون: Ashcroft, Richard
المصدر: BRL:KIE/64229
مصطلحات موضوعية: Communication, Education, Ethical Review, Ethics, Ethics Committees, Guidelines, Professional Role, Records, Regional Ethics Committees, Research, Research Ethics, Research Ethics Committees, Review, Time Factors
وصف الملف: Article
Relation: Bulletin of Medical Ethics. 1998 Nov; No. 143: 8-11.; http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=One+Year+On:+Lrecs+&+Mrecs+in+the+West+Country:+Meeting+Report&title=Bulletin+of+Medical+Ethics.++&volume=&issue=&pages=8-11&date=1998&au=Ashcroft,+Richard; http://hdl.handle.net/10822/758965
الاتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/758965
http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=One+Year+On:+Lrecs+&+Mrecs+in+the+West+Country:+Meeting+Report&title=Bulletin+of+Medical+Ethics.++&volume=&issue=&pages=8-11&date=1998&au=Ashcroft,+Richard