-
1Academic Journal
المؤلفون: Kramer, A, Seifert, J, Abele-Horn, M, Arvand, M, Biever, P, Blacky, A, Buerke, M, Ciesek, S, Chaberny, I, Deja, M, Engelhart, S, Eschberger, D, Gruber, B, Hedtmann, A, Heider, J, Hoyme, UB, Jäkel, C, Kalbe, P, Luckhaupt, H, Novotny, A, Papan, C, Piechota, H, Pitten, FA, Reinecke, V, Schilling, D, Schulz-Schaeffer, W, Sunderdiek, U
المصدر: GMS Hygiene and Infection Control; VOL: 19; DOC42 /20240906/
مصطلحات موضوعية: hand antisepsis, hand disinfection, hygienic hand antisepsis, hygienic hand disinfection, surgical hand antisepsis, surgical hand disinfection, hand wash, alcohol-based hand rub requirements, wash lotion requirements, skin protection, skin care, adherence hand antisepsis, adherence hand disinfection, listing alcohol-based hand rubs, liability, Händeantiseptik, Händedesinfektion, hygienische Händeantiseptik, hygienische Händedesinfektion, chirurgische Händeantiseptik, chirurgische Händedesinfektion, Händewaschung, alkoholbasierte Händeantiseptika Anforderungen, alkoholbasierte Händedesinfektionsmittel Anforderungen, Waschlotion Anforderungen, Hautschutz, Hautpflege, Adhärenz Händeantiseptik, Adhärenz Händedesinfektion, Listung Händedesinfektionsmittel
Relation: Ab Rahman MF, Rusli A, Misman MA, Rashid AA. Biodegradable Gloves for Waste Management Post-COVID-19 Outbreak: A Shelf-Life Prediction. ACS Omega. 2020 Nov;5(46):30329-35. DOI:10.1021/acsomega.0c04964; Agner T, Held E. Skin protection programmes. Contact Dermatitis. 2002 Nov;47(5):253-6. DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470501.x; Ahmad A, Ahsan H. Lipid-based formulations in cosmeceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. Biomed dermatol. 2020;4:12.; Aiello AE, Coulborn RM, Perez V, Larson EL. Effect of hand hygiene on infectious disease risk in the community setting: a meta-analysis. Am J Public Health. 2008 Aug;98(8):1372-81. DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2007.124610; Akl M. Latex allergy. Resident Staff Physican. 1996;42:21-6.; Aktas E, Taspinar E, Alay D, Ögedey ED, Külah C, Cömert F. Extrinsic contamination of liquid soap with various gram-negative bacteria in a hospital in Turkey. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010 Nov;31(11):1199-201. DOI:10.1086/657077; Allegranzi B, Gayet-Ageron A, Damani N, Bengaly L, McLaws ML, Moro ML, Memish Z, Urroz O, Richet H, Storr J, Donaldson L, Pittet D. Global implementation of WHO's multimodal strategy for improvement of hand hygiene: a quasi-experimental study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013 Oct;13(10):843-51. DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70163-4; Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch in der Fassung der Bekanntmachung vom 2. Januar 2002 (BGBl. I S. 42, 2909; 2003 I S.738), zuletzt durch Artikel 6 des Gesetzes vom 7. November 2022 (BGBl. I S. 1982) geändert.; DIN EN 14885:2022-10. Chemische Desinfektionsmittel und Antiseptika - Anwendung Europäischer Normen für chemische Desinfektionsmittel und Antiseptika. Berlin: Beuth; 2022.; BGBl. I Verordnung über Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz bei der Benutzung persönlicher Schutzausrüstungen bei der Arbeit (PSA-Benutzungsverordnung - PSA-BV). 1996; p. 1841.; DIN EN 14476. Chemische Desinfektionsmittel und Antiseptika - Quantitativer Suspensionsversuch zur Bestimmung der viruziden Wirkung im humanmedizinischen Bereich - Prüfverfahren und Anforderungen (Phase 2/Stufe 1). Berlin: Beuth; 2019.; DIN EN ISO 17516:2015-02. Kosmetische Mittel - Mikrobiologie - Mikrobiologische Grenzwerte (ISO 17516:2014). Berlin: Beuth; 2015.; EN 445-1. Medizinische Handschuhe zum einmaligen Gebrauch. Teil 1: Anforderungen und Prüfung auf Dichtigkeit. 1994.; ISO 11193-1:2008-09 Single-use medical examination gloves - Part 1: Specification for gloves made from rubber latex or rubber solution. Berlin: Beuth; 2008.; Regulation (EU) 2016/425 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on Personal Protective Equipment and Repealing Council Directive 89/686/EEC. Off J Eur Un. 2016 ;L 81/51 [Accessed 2023 Sep 18]. Available from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R0425; Beobachtung der Compliance. 2020. Available from: https://www.aktion-sauberehaende.de/krankenhauser/messmethoden/beobachtung-der-compliance; DIN EN 1500: Chemische Desinfektionsmittel und Antiseptika - Hygienische Händedesinfektion - Prüfverfahren und Anforderungen (Phase 2/Stufe 2). Berlin: Beuth; 2017-10.; Arzneimittelgesetz in der Fassung der Bekanntmachung vom 12. Dezember 2005 (BGBl. I S. 3394), zuletzt durch Artikel 1a des Gesetzes vom 7. November 2022 (BGBl. I S. 1990) geändert.; TRGS 401 Technische Regeln für Gefahrstoffe - Gefährdung durch Hautkontakt: Ermittlung - Beurteilung - Maßnahmen. GMBl. 2011;175(9):1-47.; DIN EN ISO 374-4. Schutzhandschuhe gegen Chemikalien und Mikroorganismen - Teil 4: Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Degradation durch Chemikalien. Berlin: Beuth; 2020-04.; Infektionsschutzgesetz vom 20. Juli 2000 (BGBl I S. 1045), zuletzt durch Art. 6 des Gesetzes vom 27. Juli 2021 (Bgbl I S. 3274) geändert.; DIN EN ISO 374-1. Schutzhandschuhe gegen Chemikalien und Mikroorganismen - Teil 1: Terminologie und Leistungsanforderungen für chemische Risiken. Berlin: Beuth; 2020-04.; DIN EN ISO 21420. Schutzhandschuhe - Allgemeine Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren. Berlin: Beuth; 2020-06.; DIN EN 12791. Chemische Desinfektionsmittel und Antiseptika - Chirurgische Händedesinfektionsmittel-Prüfverfahren und Anforderungen (Phase 2/Stufe 2). Berlin: Beuth; 2018.; ASTM D6978 - 05. Standard practice for assessment of resistance of medical gloves to permeation by chemotherapy drugs. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International; 2019.; DIN EN ISO 374-5. Schutzhandschuhe gegen Chemikalien und Mikroorganismen - Teil 5: Terminologie und Leistungsanforderungen für Risiken durch Mikroorganismen. Berlin: Beuth; 2017-03.; Durchführungsbeschluss (EU) 2016/904 vom 08.06.2016 gemäß Art. 3 Abs. 3 der Verordnung (EU) Nr. 528/2012 über 2-Propanol-haltige Produkte für die Händedesinfektion, Amtsblatt EU L152/45.; ASTM F1671-07. Standard test method for resistance of materials used in protective clothing to penetration by blood-borne pathogens using phi-x174 bacteriophage penetration as a test system. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International; 2007.; DIN EN ISO 374-2. Schutzhandschuhe gegen gefährliche Chemikalien und Mikroorganismen - Teil 2: Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Penetration. Berlin: Beuth; 2015.; Araújo LU, Grabe-Guimarães A, Mosqueira VC, Carneiro CM, Silva-Barcellos NM. Profile of wound healing process induced by allantoin. Acta Cir Bras. 2010 Oct;25(5):460-6. DOI:10.1590/s0102-86502010000500014; Archibald LK, Corl A, Shah B, Schulte M, Arduino MJ, Aguero S, Fisher DJ, Stechenberg BW, Banerjee SN, Jarvis WR. Serratia marcescens outbreak associated with extrinsic contamination of 1% chlorxylenol soap. Inf Contr Hosp Epidemiol. 1997;18(10):704-9.; Armbrust S, Kramer A, Olbertz D, Zimmermann K, Fusch C. Norovirus infections in preterm infants: wide variety of clinical courses. BMC Res Notes. 2009 Jun;2:96. DOI:10.1186/1756-0500-2-96; Assadian O, El-Madani N, Seper E, Mustafa S, Aspöck C, Koller W, Rotter ML. Sensor-operated faucets: a possible source of nosocomial infection? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2002 Jan;23(1):44-6. DOI:10.1086/501969; Assadian O, Kramer A, Christiansen B, Exner M, Martiny H, Sorger A, Suchomel M; Section Clinical Antisepsis of the German Society for Hospital Hygiene (DGKH); Disinfection Assessment Board of the Austrian Society for Hygiene, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine (ÖGHMP). Recommendations and requirements for soap and hand rub dispensers in healthcare facilities. GMS Krankenhaushyg interdiszip. 2021;7(1):Doc03.; Assadian O, Kramer A, Ouriel K, Suchomel M, McLaws ML, Rottman M, Leaper D, Assadian A. Suppression of surgeons' bacterial hand flora during surgical procedures with a new antimicrobial surgical glove. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2014 Feb;15(1):43-9. DOI:10.1089/sur.2012.230; Assadian O, Benkhai H, Blacky A, Hübner NO, Diab-Elschahawi M. Einfluß von Nagellack auf die Effektivität der Händedesinfektion. Hyg Med. 2012;37(Suppl):9.; Assadian O, Leaper DJ, Kramer A, Ousey KJ. Can the design of glove dispensing boxes influence glove contamination? J Hosp Infect. 2016 Nov;94(3):259-62. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2016.09.005; Ausili E, Tabacco F, Focarelli B, Nucera E, Patriarca G, Rendeli C. Prevalence of latex allergy in spina bifida: genetic and environmental risk factors. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2007 May-Jun;11(3):149-53.; Ausschuss für Biologische Arbeitsstoffe - ABAS. 273: TRBA 250 Technische Regelnf ür Biologische Arbeitsstoffe - Biologische Arbeitsstoffe im Gesundheitswesen und in der Wohlfahrtspflege. GMBl. 2018;29:1-71.; Ayliffe GA, Babb JR, Quoraishi AH. A test for 'hygienic' hand disinfection. J Clin Pathol. 1978 Oct;31(10):923-8. DOI:10.1136/jcp.31.10.923; Ayliffe GA, Babb JR, Davies JG, Lilly HA. Hand disinfection: a comparison of various agents in laboratory and ward studies. J Hosp Infect. 1988 Apr;11(3):226-43. DOI:10.1016/0195-6701(88)90101-6; Babb JR, Davies JG, Ayliffe GA. A test procedure for evaluating surgical hand disinfection. J Hosp Infect. 1991 Jun;18 Suppl B:41-9. DOI:10.1016/0195-6701(91)90262-7; Babeluk R, Jutz S, Mertlitz S, Matiasek J, Klaus C. Hand hygiene - evaluation of three disinfectant hand sanitizers in a community setting. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e111969. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0111969; Baird RM, Farwell JA, Sturgiss M, Awad ZA, Shooter RA. Microbial contamination of topical medicaments used in the treatment and prevention of pressure sores. J Hyg (Lond). 1979 Dec;83(3):445-50. DOI:10.1017/s0022172400026280; Bardorf MH, Jäger B, Boeckmans E, Kramer A, Assadian O. Influence of material properties on gloves' bacterial barrier efficacy in the presence of microperforation. Am J Infect Control. 2016 Dec;44(12):1645-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2016.03.070; Barnes SL, Morgan DJ, Harris AD, Carling PC, Thom KA. Preventing the transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms: modeling the relative importance of hand hygiene and environmental cleaning interventions. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2014 Sep;35(9):1156-62. DOI:10.1086/677632; Barrazza V. Connubial allergic contact balanitis due to chlorhexidine. Contact Dermatitis. 2001 Jul;45(1):42. DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.045001042.x; Barry MA, Craven DE, Goularte TA, Lichtenberg DA. Serratia marcescens contamination of antiseptic soap containing triclosan: implications for nosocomial infection. Infect Control. 1984 Sep;5(9):427-30. DOI:10.1017/s0195941700060690; Baur X, Allmers H, Raulf-Heimsoth M, Cremer R, Fuchs Th, Heese A, Niggemann B, Przybilla B, Ruëfff F, Schürer N. Naturlatex-Allergie - Empfehlungen der interdisziplinären Arbeitsgruppe. Allergol. 1996;19(5):248-51.; Behnke M, Gastmeier P, Geffers C, Mönch N, Reichardt C. Establishment of a national surveillance system for alcohol-based hand rub consumption and change in consumption over 4 years. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2012 Jun;33(6):618-20. DOI:10.1086/665729; Bekele A, Makonnen N, Tesfaye L, Taye M. Incidence and patterns of surgical glove perforations: experience from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Surg. 2017 Mar;17(1):26. DOI:10.1186/s12893-017-0228-8; Beldame J, Lagrave B, Lievain L, Lefebvre B, Frebourg N, Dujardin F. Surgical glove bacterial contamination and perforation during total hip arthroplasty implantation: when gloves should be changed. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2012 Jun;98(4):432-40. DOI:10.1016/j.otsr.2011.10.015; Below H, Brauer VFH, Kramer A. Iodresorption bei antiseptischer Anwendung von Iodophoren und Schlussfolgerungen zur Risikobewertung. GMS Krankenhaushyg Interdiszip. 2007;2(2):Doc41.; Below H, Partecke I, Huebner NO, Bieber N, Nicolai T, Usche A, Assadian O, Below E, Kampf G, Parzefall W, Heidecke CD, Zuba D, Bessonneau V, Kohlmann T, Kramer A. Dermal and pulmonary absorption of propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol from hand rubs. Am J Infect Control. 2012 Apr;40(3):250-7. DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2011.03.009; Benzer H, Brühl P, Dietzel W, Hartenauer U, Hingst V, Kilian J, Kramer A, Lackner F, Lingnau W, Pauser G, Reybrouck G, Rotter M, Wewalka G; Europäisches interdisziplinäres Komitee für Infektionsprophylax,( EURIDIKI). Meine Hände sind sauber - Warum soll ich sie desinfizieren? Leitfaden zur hygienischen Händedesinfektion. Wiesbaden: mhp; 1996.; Berndt U, Wigger-Alberti W, Gabard B, Elsner P. Vergleich einer Hautschutzcreme und ihrer Grundlage bezüglich Wirksamkeit gegen das berufsbedingte irritative Handekzem bei Krankenschwestern/Eine Anwendungsuntersuchung. Dermatol Beruf Umwelt. 2001;49(1):77-80.; Berndt U, Gabard B, Schliemann-Willers S, Wigger-Alberti W, Zitterbart D, Elsner P. Integrated skin protection from workplace irritants: a new model for efficacy assessment. Exogen Dermatol. 2002;1(1):45-8.; Bernig T. Vergleich der Hautverträglichkeit von sechs ausgewählten alkoholischen Händedesinfektionsmitteln im klinischen Doppelblindversuch anhand der subjektiven Akzeptanz und der Bestimmung objektiver Hautparameter [Dissertation]. Greifswald: Universität Greifswald; 1997.; Berthelot P, Grattard F, Mahul P, Pain P, Jospé R, Venet C, Carricajo A, Aubert G, Ros A, Dumont A, Lucht F, Zéni F, Auboyer C, Bertrand JC, Pozzetto B. Prospective study of nosocomial colonization and infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mechanically ventilated patients. Intensive Care Med. 2001 Mar;27(3):503-12. DOI:10.1007/s001340100870; Best EL, Parnell P, Wilcox MH. Microbiological comparison of hand-drying methods: the potential for contamination of the environment, user, and bystander. J Hosp Infect. 2014 Dec;88(4):199-206. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2014.08.002; Bettin K, Clabots C, Mathie P, Willard K, Gerding DN. Effectiveness of liquid soap vs. chlorhexidine gluconate for the removal of Clostridium difficile from bare hands and gloved hands. Inf Contr Hosp Epidemiol. 1994;15(11):697-702.; BfArM. Risiken durch medizinische Handschuhe aus Naturkautschuklatex. 1999 Apr [Accessed 2023 Sep 18]. Available from: https://www.bfarm.de/DE/Medizinprodukte/Aufgaben/Risikobewertung-und-Forschung/Wissenschaftliche-Aufarbeitung/naturkautschuklatex-Handschuhe.html; Binkley HM, Schroyer T, Catalfano J. Latex allergies: a review of recognition, evaluation, management, prevention, education, and alternative product use. J Athl Train. 2003;38(2):133-40.; Blackmore M. A comparison of hand drying methods. Catering Health. 1989:1189-98.; Blech MF, Hartemann P, Paquin JL. Activity of non antiseptic soaps and ethanol for hand disinfection. Zbl Bakt Hyg I Abt Orig B. 1985;181:496-512.; Blumchen K, Bayer P, Buck D, Michael T, Cremer R, Fricke C, Henne T, Peters H, Hofmann U, Keil T, Schlaud M, Wahn U, Niggemann B. Effects of latex avoidance on latex sensitization, atopy and allergic diseases in patients with spina bifida. Allergy. 2010 Dec;65(12):1585-93. DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02447.x; Bottermann P. Iodinduzierte Hyperthyreose. Med Klin. 1986;81:753-7.; Bourdoux PP, Ermans AM, Mukalay wa Mukalay A, Filetti S, Vigneri R. Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis in Kivu, Zaire. Lancet. 1996 Feb;347(9000):552-3. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91188-5; Boyce J, Pittet D. Guideline for hand hygiene in health-care settings: Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. MMWR. 2002;51:1-44.; Boyce JM. Hautverträglichkeit. In: Kampf G, editor. Hände-Hygiene im Gesundheitswesen. Berlin: Springer; 2003. pp. 175-92.; Böckers M, Klee W, Bräuninger W, Bork K. Das Hyperthyreoserisiko durch Lokaltherapie mit PVP-Iod. Akt Dermatol. 1986;12:155-7.; Börnstein P. Versuche über die Möglichkeit, infizierte Hände durch einfache Verfahren zu desinfizieren. Z Hyg. 1915;79:145-69.; Bragg R, Jansen A, Coetzee M, van der Westhuizen W, Boucher C. Bacterial resistance to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QAC) disinfectants. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014;808:1-13. DOI:10.1007/978-81-322-1774-9_1; Brannan DK, Dille JC. Type of closure prevents microbial contamination of cosmetics during consumer use. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 May;56(5):1476-9. DOI:10.1128/aem.56.5.1476-1479.1990; Brauer VF, Brauer WH, Führer D, Paschke R. Iodine nutrition, nodular thyroid disease, and urinary iodine excretion in a German university study population. Thyroid. 2005 Apr;15(4):364-70. DOI:10.1089/thy.2005.15.364; Braverman LE. Iodine and the thyroid: 33 years of study. Thyroid. 1994;4(3):351-6. DOI:10.1089/thy.1994.4.351; Brehler R, Kolling R, Webb M, Wastell C. Glove powder - a risk factor for the development of latex allergy? Eur J Surg Suppl. 1997;(579):23-5.; Bruchez SA, Duarte GC, Sadowski RA, Custódio da Silva Filho A, Fahning WE, Belini Nishiyama SA, Bronharo Tognim MC, Cardoso CL. Assessing the Hawthorne effect on hand hygiene compliance in an intensive care unit. Infect Prev Pract. 2020 Jun;2(2):100049. DOI:10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100049; Bucher J, Donovan C, Ohman-Strickland P, McCoy J. Hand Washing Practices Among Emergency Medical Services Providers. West J Emerg Med. 2015 Sep;16(5):727-35. DOI:10.5811/westjem.2015.7.25917; Buffet-Bataillon S, Tattevin P, Maillard JY, Bonnaure-Mallet M, Jolivet-Gougeon A. Efflux pump induction by quaternary ammonium compounds and fluoroquinolone resistance in bacteria. Future Microbiol. 2016;11(1):81-92. DOI:10.2217/fmb.15.131; Buffet-Bataillon S, Rabier V, Bétrémieux P, Beuchée A, Bauer M, Pladys P, Le Gall E, Cormier M, Jolivet-Gougeon A. Outbreak of Serratia marcescens in a neonatal intensive care unit: contaminated unmedicated liquid soap and risk factors. J Hosp Infect. 2009 May;72(1):17-22. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2009.01.010; Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte. Arzneimitteleigenschaft von Haut- und Händedesinfektionsmitteln zur Anwendung am menschlichen Körper. Pressemitteilung vom 09.10.2009. Zit. Haut- und Händedesinfektionsmittel sind Arzneimittel. DAZ aktuell. 2009;42:57.; Buxser S. Has resistance to chlorhexidine increased among clinically-relevant bacteria? A systematic review of time course and subpopulation data. PLoS One. 2021;16(8):e0256336. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0256336; Caetano JA, Lima MA, Di Ciero Miranda M, Serufo JC, Ponte PR. Identificação de contaminação bacteriana no sabão líquido de uso hospitalar [Identification of bacterial contamination in liquid soap for hospital use]. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2011 Mar;45(1):153-60. DOI:10.1590/s0080-62342011000100021; Chaberny IF, Gastmeier P. Should electronic faucets be recommended in hospitals? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004 Nov;25(11):997-1000. DOI:10.1086/502333; Chakravarthy M, Myatra SN, Rosenthal VD, Udwadia FE, Gokul BN, Divatia JV, Poojary A, Sukanya R, Kelkar R, Koppikar G, Pushparaj L, Biswas S, Bhandarkar L, Raut S, Jadhav S, Sampat S, Chavan N, Bahirune S, Durgad S. The impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multicenter, multidimensional hand hygiene approach in two cities of India. J Infect Public Health. 2015;8(2):177-86. DOI:10.1016/j.jiph.2014.08.004; Charles MP, Kali A, Easow JM, Joseph NM, Ravishankar M, Srinivasan S, Kumar S, Umadevi S. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Australas Med J. 2014;7(8):334-44. DOI:10.4066/AMJ.2014.2105; Chattman M, Maxwell SL, Gerba CP. Occurrence of heterotrophic and coliform bacteria in liquid hand soaps from bulk refillable dispensers in public facilities. J Environm Health. 2011;73(7):26-9.; Cheng VC, Wu AK, Cheung CH, Lau SK, Woo PC, Chan KH, Li KS, Ip IK, Dunn EL, Lee RA, Yam LY, Yuen KY. Outbreak of human metapneumovirus infection in psychiatric inpatients: implications for directly observed use of alcohol hand rub in prevention of nosocomial outbreaks. J Hosp Infect. 2007 Dec;67(4):336-43. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2007.09.010; Cherednichenko G, Zhang R, Bannister RA, Timofeyev V, Li N, Fritsch EB, Feng W, Barrientos GC, Schebb NH, Hammock BD, Beam KG, Chiamvimonvat N, Pessah IN. Triclosan impairs excitation-contraction coupling and Ca2+ dynamics in striated muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Aug;109(35):14158-63. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1211314109; Choong TL, Lim ZJ, Ho AGT, Goh ML. Increasing patient participation in hand hygiene practices in adult surgical wards in a tertiary institution: a best practice implementation project. JBI Evid Implement. 2021 Aug;20(1):53-62. DOI:10.1097/XEB.0000000000000290; Chuang VW, Tsang IH, Keung JP, Leung JY, Yuk JM, Wong DK, Au SS, Tam RK, Lam WW, Kwan MC, Wong AT. Infection control intervention on meticillin resistant transmission in residential care homes for the elderly. J Infect Prev. 2015 Mar;16(2):58-66. DOI:10.1177/1757177414556007; Cieplik F, Jakubovics NS, Buchalla W, Maisch T, Hellwig E, Al-Ahmad A. Resistance Toward Chlorhexidine in Oral Bacteria - Is There Cause for Concern? Front Microbiol. 2019;10:587. DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00587; Comment, as of January 2022, § 13 AMG, marginal no. 13. In: Prütting D, Saalfrank V, Stollmann F, Wesser S, editors. Kloesel/Cyran, Arzneimittelrecht Kommentar: Kommentar zum Arzneimittelgesetz und zu arzneimittelrechtlichen Nebengesetzen und Rechtsverordnungen mit amtlichen Begründungen und weiteren Materialien. 3. Auflage inkl. 137. Akt.lfg. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag; 2021.; Cremer R, Lorbacher M, Hering F, Engelskirchen R. Natural rubber latex sensitisation and allergy in patients with spina bifida, urogenital disorders and oesophageal atresia compared with a normal paediatric population. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2007 Jun;17(3):194-8. DOI:10.1055/s-2007-965144; Cremer R, Kleine-Diepenbruck U, Hering F, Holschneider AM. Reduction of latex sensitisation in spina bifida patients by a primary prophylaxis programme (five years experience). Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2002 Dec;12 Suppl 1:S19-21. DOI:10.1055/s-2002-36866; Cruse PJ, Foord R. A five-year prospective study of 23,649 surgical wounds. Arch Surg. 1973 Aug;107(2):206-10. DOI:10.1001/archsurg.1973.01350200078018; Dadashi L, Dehghanzadeh R. Investigating incidence of bacterial and fungal contamination in shared cosmetic kits available in the women beauty salons. Health Promot Perspect. 2016;6(3):159-63. DOI:10.15171/hpp.2016.25; Daeschlein G, Kramer A, Arnold A, Ladwig A, Seabrook GR, Edmiston CE Jr. Evaluation of an innovative antimicrobial surgical glove technology to reduce the risk of microbial passage following intraoperative perforation. Am J Infect Control. 2011 Mar;39(2):98-103. DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2010.05.026; Dairou J, Atmane N, Rodrigues-Lima F, Dupret JM. Peroxynitrite irreversibly inactivates the human xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) in human breast cancer cells: a cellular and mechanistic study. J Biol Chem. 2004 Feb;279(9):7708-14. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M311469200; Danchaivijitr S, Dhiraputra C, Rongrungruang Y, Srihapol N, Pumsuwan V. Microbial contamination of antiseptics and disinfectants. J Med Assoc Thai. 2005;88(Suppl 10):S133-9.; De Angelis G, Cataldo MA, De Waure C, Venturiello S, La Torre G, Cauda R, Carmeli Y, Tacconelli E. Infection control and prevention measures to reduce the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in hospitalized patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014 May;69(5):1185-92. DOI:10.1093/jac/dkt525; Derde LPG, Cooper BS, Goossens H, Malhotra-Kumar S, Willems RJL, Gniadkowski M, Hryniewicz W, Empel J, Dautzenberg MJD, Annane D, Aragão I, Chalfine A, Dumpis U, Esteves F, Giamarellou H, Muzlovic I, Nardi G, Petrikkos GL, Tomic V, Martí AT, Stammet P, Brun-Buisson C, Bonten MJM; MOSAR WP3 Study Team. Interventions to reduce colonisation and transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in intensive care units: an interrupted time series study and cluster randomised trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014 Jan;14(1):31-9. DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70295-0; Desinfektionsmittel-Kommission im VAH. Desinfektionsmittel-Liste des VAH. Wiesbaden: mhp; 2022.; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Krankenhaushygiene e.V. Test- und Lernprogramm "klinische Händehygiene". Available from: https://www.krankenhaushygiene.de/kooperation/169; Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung e.V. (DGUV). DGUV Information 212-017. Auswahl, Bereitstellung und Benutzung von beruflichen Hautmitteln. Berlin: DGUV; 2019 Jun [Accessed 2023 Sep 18]. Available from: https://publikationen.dguv.de/widgets/pdf/download/article/853; Diedrich S, Scholz S, Below H, Baguhl R, Heidecke CD, Papke R, Seifert U, Assadian O, Kramer A. Influence of Bio-sorb Cream on Sweat Production and Efficacy of Surgical Hand Antisepsis Under Surgical Gloves. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2020 Apr;21(3):293-8. DOI:10.1089/sur.2019.098; Diefenbacher S, Sassenrath C, Siegel A, Grünewald M, Keller J. Implizite Einstellung zur Händehygiene als relevanter Prädiktor von Händehygieneverhalten. Hyg Med. 2012;37(11):448-55.; Dineen P. An evalution of the duration of the surgical scrub. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1969; 129:1181-4.; Dörfel D, Maiwald M, Daeschlein G, Müller G, Hudek R, Assadian O, Kampf G, Kohlmann T, Harnoss JC, Kramer A. Comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of povidone-iodine-alcohol versus chlorhexidine-alcohol for surgical skin preparation on the aerobic and anaerobic skin flora of the shoulder region. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2021 Jan;10(1):17. DOI:10.1186/s13756-020-00874-8; Döring G, Ulrich M, Müller W, Bitzer J, Schmidt-Koenig L, Münst L, Grupp H, Wolz C, Stern M, Botzenhart K. Generation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa aerosols during handwashing from contaminated sink drains, transmission to hands of hospital personnel, and its prevention by use of a new heating device. Zbl Hyg Umweltmed. 1991;191(5-6):494-505.; Duane B, Pilling J, Saget S, Ashley P, Pinhas AR, Lyne A. Hand hygiene with hand sanitizer versus handwashing: what are the planetary health consequences? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jul;29(32):48736-47. DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-18918-4; Dubbert PM, Dolce J, Richter W, Miller M, Chapman SW. Increasing ICU staff handwashing: effects of education and group feedback. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1990 Apr;11(4):191-3. DOI:10.1086/646148; de Vries JJ, Baas WH, van der Ploeg K, Heesink A, Degener JE, Arends JP. Outbreak of Serratia marcescens colonization and infection traced to a healthcare worker with long-term carriage on the hands. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2006 Nov;27(11):1153-8. DOI:10.1086/508818; Edlich RF, Long WB 3rd, Gubler DK, Rodeheaver GT, Thacker JG, Borel L, Chase ME, Fisher AL, Mason SS, Lin KY, Cox MJ, Zura RD. Dangers of cornstarch powder on medical gloves: seeking a solution. Ann Plast Surg. 2009 Jul;63(1):111-5. DOI:10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181ab43ae; Ellis H. Evolution of the surgical glove. J Am Coll Surg. 2008 Dec;207(6):948-50. DOI:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.11.015; Engelhart S, Saborowski F, Krakau M, Scherholz-Schlösser G, Heyer I, Exner M. Severe Serratia liquefaciens sepsis following vitamin C infusion treatment by a naturopathic practitioner. J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Aug;41(8):3986-8. DOI:10.1128/JCM.41.8.3986-3988.2003; European Commission. Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/110 of 27 January 2016, not approving triclosan as an existing active substance for use in biocidal products for product-type 1. 2016 Jan 28 [Accessed 2023 Sep 18]. Available from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016D0110&from=EN; Exner M, Engelhart S, Kramer A, Schmithausen R, Trautmann M, Wendt C, Marujo V. Anforderungen der Hygiene an abwasserführende Systeme in medizinischen Einrichtungen: Empfehlung der Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention (KRINKO) beim Robert Koch-Institut. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2020 Apr;63(4):484-501. DOI:10.1007/s00103-020-03118-7; Exner M, Kramer A, Lajoie L, Gebel J, Engelhart S, Hartemann P. Prevention and control of health care-associated waterborne infections in health care facilities. Am J Infect Control. 2005 Jun;33(5 Suppl 1):S26-40. DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2005.04.002; Fagernes M, Lingaas E, Bjark P. Impact of a single plain finger ring on the bacterial load on the hands of healthcare workers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Oct;28(10):1191-5. DOI:10.1086/520739; Fagernes M, Lingaas E. Impact of finger rings on transmission of bacteria during hand contact. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009 May;30(5):427-32. DOI:10.1086/596771; Fartasch M, Diepgen T, Drexler H, Elsner P, John SM, Schliemann S. Berufliche Hautmittel: Hautschutz, Hautpflege und Hautreinigung. Dermato Beruf Umwelt. 2015;63(2):47-74.; FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 21 CFR Part 310 safety and effectiveness of consumer antiseptics. topical antimicrobial drug products for over-the-counter human use. Final rule. Fed Reg. 2016;81:61106-30.; Fehling P, Hasenkamp J, Unkel S, Thalmann I, Hornig S, Trümper L, Scheithauer S. Effect of gloved hand disinfection on hand hygiene before infection-prone procedures on a stem cell ward. J Hosp Infect. 2019 Nov;103(3):321-7. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2019.06.004; Fluhr JW, Gloor M, Lehmann L, Lazzerini S, Distante F, Berardesca E. Glycerol accelerates recovery of barrier function in vivo. Acta Derm Venereol. 1999 Nov;79(6):418-21. DOI:10.1080/000155599750009825; Foca M, Jakob K, Whittier S, Della Latta P, Factor S, Rubenstein D, Saiman L. Endemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a neonatal intensive care unit. N Engl J Med. 2000 Sep;343(10):695-700. DOI:10.1056/NEJM200009073431004; Forrester BG, Roth VS. Hand dermatitis in intensive care units. J Occup Environ Med. 1998 Oct;40(10):881-5. DOI:10.1097/00043764-199810000-00008; Fox MK, Langner SB, Wells RW. How good are hand washing practices? Am J Nurs. 1974 Sep;74(9):1676-8.; Friederich N, Müller W. Massive Iodresorption nach Gelenk-Spül-Saugdrainage mit PVP-Iod (Betadine). Unfallchir. 1992;85:74-80.; Fritz SA, Hogan PG, Camins BC, Ainsworth AJ, Patrick C, Martin MS, Krauss MJ, Rodriguez M, Burnham CA. Mupirocin and chlorhexidine resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in patients with community-onset skin and soft tissue infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Jan;57(1):559-68. DOI:10.1128/AAC.01633-12; Frosch PJ, Kurte A. Efficacy of skin barrier creams (IV). The repetitive irritation test (RIT) with a set of 4 standard irritants. Contact Dermatitis. 1994 Sep;31(3):161-8. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb01957.x; Fuchs T, Meinert A, Aberer W, Bahmer FA, Peters KP, Lischka GG, Schulze-Dirks A, Enders F, Frosch PJ. Benzalkoniumchlorid: relevantes Kontaktallergen oder Irritans? Ergebnisse einer Multicenter-Studie der Deutschen Kontaktallergiegruppe. Hautarzt. 1993;44(11):699-702.; Fung IC, Cairncross S. How often do you wash your hands? A review of studies of hand-washing practices in the community during and after the SARS outbreak in 2003. Int J Environ Health Res. 2007 Jun;17(3):161-83. DOI:10.1080/09603120701254276; Furuhashi M, Miyamae T. Effect of pre-operative hand scrubbing and influence of pinholes appearing in surgical rubber gloves during operation. Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ. 1979;26(2):73-80.; Gagné D, Bédard G, Maziade PJ. Systematic patients' hand disinfection: impact on meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection rates in a community hospital. J Hosp Infect. 2010 Aug;75(4):269-72. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2010.02.028; Garus-Pakowska A, Sobala W, Szatko F. Observance of hand washing procedures performed by the medical personnel after the patient contact. Part II. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2013;26(2):257-64.; Garvey LH, Krøigaard M, Poulsen LK, Skov PS, Mosbech H, Venemalm L, Degerbeck F, Husum B. IgE-mediated allergy to chlorhexidine. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007 Aug;120(2):409-15. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2007.04.029; Gebel J, Kirsch-Altena A, Exner M, Schwebke I. Prüfung der Wirksamkeit chemischer Desinfektionsmittel. In: Kramer A, Assadian O, editors. Wallhäußers Praxis der Sterilisation, Desinfektion, Antiseptik und Konservierung. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2008. pp. 601-9.; Gehring W. Das stratum corneum in vitro - ein Modell zur Entwicklung von Hautschutzpräparaten mit entquellenden Eigenschaften auf die Hornschicht. Dermatol Beruf Umwelt. 2004;52:139-45.; Gessner S, Below E, Diedrich S, Wegner C, Gessner W, Kohlmann T, Heidecke CD, Bockholdt B, Kramer A, Assadian O, Below H. Ethanol and ethyl glucuronide urine concentrations after ethanol-based hand antisepsis with and without permitted alcohol consumption. Am J Infect Control. 2016 Sep;44(9):999-1003. DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2016.02.021; Geßner S, Below E, Wegner C, Heidecke CD, Diedrich S, Bockholdt B, Kramer, Below H. Beeinflussung der Alkoholabstinenzkontrolle durch Händedesinfektion. Rechtsmed. 2014;24(4):252-7.; Girou E, Legrand P, Soing-Altrach S, Lemire A, Poulain C, Allaire A, Tkoub-Scheirlinck L, Chai SH, Dupeyron C, Loche CM. Association between hand hygiene compliance and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus prevalence in a French rehabilitation hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2006 Oct;27(10):1128-30. DOI:10.1086/507967; Gleich S, Vieweg C, von Baum H. Untersuchung der mikrobiellen Kontamination von Waschlotionspendern aus unterschiedlichen Risikobereichen eines Universitätsklinikums. Hyg Med. 2015;40(6):236-41.; Gloor M, Becker A, Wasik B, Kniehl E. Triclosan, ein dermatologisches Lokaltherapeutikum In-vitro- und In-vivo-Untersuchungen zur antibakteriellen Wirksamkeit einer neuen Arzneibuchrezeptur [Triclosan, a topical dermatologic agent. In vitro- and in vivo studies on the effectiveness of a new preparation in the New German Formulary]. Hautarzt. 2002 Nov;53(11):724-9. DOI:10.1007/s00105-002-0416-y; Gordin FM, Schultz ME, Huber R, Zubairi S, Stock F, Kariyil J. A cluster of hemodialysis-related bacteremia linked to artificial fingernails. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Jun;28(6):743-4. DOI:10.1086/517977; Gordin FM, Schultz ME, Huber RA, Gill JA. Reduction in nosocomial transmission of drug-resistant bacteria after introduction of an alcohol-based handrub. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2005 Jul;26(7):650-3. DOI:10.1086/502596; Gould DJ, Moralejo D, Drey N, Chudleigh JH. Interventions to improve hand hygiene compliance in patient care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011:CD005186.; Gozdzielewska L, Kilpatrick C, Reilly J, Stewart S, Butcher J, Kalule A, Cumming O, Watson J, Price L. The effectiveness of hand hygiene interventions for preventing community transmission or acquisition of novel coronavirus or influenza infections: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2022 Jul;22(1):1283. DOI:10.1186/s12889-022-13667-y; Gök F, Hergül FK, Özbayir TG. Surgical hand washing: a systematic review. Int J Antisep Disinfect Steril. 2016;1(1):23-32.; Görtz G, Häring R, Henkel M, Meinhold H. Die Schilddrüsenfunktion nach Peritoneallavage mit PVP-Iodlösung bei diffuser Peritonitis. Zbl Chir. 1984;109:319-30.; Graef W, Kersch D, Scherzer G. Mikrobielle Kontamination von Flüssigseifen-Wandspendern mit Einwegflaschensystem. [Microbial contamination of liquid-soap wall dispensers with one-way bottles]. Zbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg B. 1988;186(2):166-79.; Greenaway RE, Ormandy K, Fellows C, Hollowood T. Impact of hand sanitizer format (gel/foam/liquid) and dose amount on its sensory properties and acceptability for improving hand hygiene compliance. J Hosp Infect. 2018 Oct;100(2):195-201. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2018.07.011; Greig JD, Lee MB. A review of nosocomial norovirus outbreaks: infection control interventions found effective. Epidemiol Infect. 2012 Jul;140(7):1151-60. DOI:10.1017/S0950268811002731; Grinbaum RS, de Mendonca JS, Cardo DM. An outbreak of handscrubbing-related surgical site infections in vascular surgical procedures. Inf Contr Hosp Epidemiol. 1995;16(4):198-202.; Grosse-Schütte K, Assadian O, Hübner NO, Löffler H, Kramer A. Practices of skin care among nurses in medical and surgical intensive care units: results of a self-administered questionnaire. GMS Krankenhaushyg interdiszipl. 2011;6(1):Doc08.; Grove GL, Zerweck CR, Heilman JM, Pyrek JD. Methods for evaluating changes in skin condition due to the effects of antimicrobial hand cleansers: two studies comparing a new waterless chlorhexidine gluconate/ethanol-emollient antiseptic preparation with a conventional water-applied product. Am J Infect Control. 2001 Dec;29(6):361-9. DOI:10.1067/mic.2001.118619; Gudowius P, Boßhammer J, Römling U, Tümmler B, von der Hardt H. Erprobung eines chemischen Waschbeckendesinfektionssystems an der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover. Hyg Med. 1995;20:482-91.; Guilhermetti M, Hernandes SE, Fukushigue Y, Garcia LB, Cardoso CL. Effectiveness of hand-cleansing agents for removing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from contaminated hands. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2001 Feb;22(2):105-8. DOI:10.1086/501872; Gupta A, Della-Latta P, Todd B, San Gabriel P, Haas J, Wu F, Rubenstein D, Saiman L. Outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neonatal intensive care unit linked to artificial nails. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004 Mar;25(3):210-5. DOI:10.1086/502380; Günther A, Schwab R, Eberhard T. Zur Kontamination der Umgebung beim Waschen infizierter Hände. In: Horn H, Weuffen W, editors. Vorträge VII. Kongr Sterilisation, Desinfektion Antiseptik - Kurzfassungen. Berlin: Gesellschaft für die gesamte Hygiene der DDR; 1980. pp. 24-5.; Gwaltney JM Jr, Hendley JO. Transmission of experimental rhinovirus infection by contaminated surfaces. Am J Epidemiol. 1982 Nov;116(5):828-33. DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113473; Hagel S, Reischke J, Kesselmeier M, Winning J, Gastmeier P, Brunkhorst FM, Scherag A, Pletz MW. Quantifying the Hawthorne Effect in Hand Hygiene Compliance Through Comparing Direct Observation With Automated Hand Hygiene Monitoring. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015 Aug;36(8):957-62. DOI:10.1017/ice.2015.93; Halabi M, Wiesholzer-Pittl M, Schöberl J, Mittermayer H. Non-touch fittings in hospitals: a possible source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella spp. J Hosp Infect. 2001 Oct;49(2):117-21. DOI:10.1053/jhin.2001.1060; Hanna PJ, Richardson BJ, Marshall M. A comparison of the cleaning efficiency of three common hand drying methods. Appl Occup Environm Hyg. 1996;11(1):37-43.; Hansis M, Kramer A, Mittelmeier W, Trautmann M, Exner E, Mielke M, Thanheiser M. Prävention postoperativer Wundinfektionen: Empfehlung der Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention (KRINKO) beim Robert Koch-Institut. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2018 Apr;61(4):448-73. DOI:10.1007/s00103-018-2706-2; Harbarth S, Pittet D, Grady L, Zawacki A, Potter-Bynoe G, Samore MH, Goldmann DA. Interventional study to evaluate the impact of an alcohol-based hand gel in improving hand hygiene compliance. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002 Jun;21(6):489-95. DOI:10.1097/00006454-200206000-00002; Harbarth S, Sudre P, Dharan S, Cadenas M, Pittet D. Outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae related to understaffing, overcrowding, and poor hygiene practices. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1999 Sep;20(9):598-603. DOI:10.1086/501677; Hargreaves J, Shireley L, Hansen S, Bren V, Fillipi G, Lacher C, Esslinger V, Watne T. Bacterial contamination associated with electronic faucets: a new risk for healthcare facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2001 Apr;22(4):202-5. DOI:10.1086/501889; Harnoss JC, Partecke LI, Heidecke CD, Hübner NO, Kramer A, Assadian O. Concentration of bacteria passing through puncture holes in surgical gloves. Am J Infect Control. 2010 Mar;38(2):154-8. DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2009.06.013; Harnoss JC, Brune L, Ansorg J, Heidecke CD, Assadian O, Kramer A. Practice of skin protection and skin care among German surgeons and influence on the efficacy of surgical hand disinfection and surgical glove perforation. BMC Infect Dis. 2014 Jun;14:315. DOI:10.1186/1471-2334-14-315; Harnoss JC, Dancer SJ, Kaden CF, Baguhl R, Kohlmann T, Papke R, Zygmunt M, Assadian O, Suchomel M, Pittet D, Kramer A. Hand antisepsis without decreasing efficacy by shortening the rub-in time of alcohol-based handrubs to 15 seconds. J Hosp Infect. 2020 Apr;104(4):419-24. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2019.09.004; Harnoss JC, Kramer A, Heidecke CD, Assadian O. Wann sollte in Operationsräumen ein Wechsel chirurgischer Handschuhe erfolgen [What is the appropriate time-interval for changing gloves during surgical procedures]. Zentralbl Chir. 2010 Feb;135(1):25-7. DOI:10.1055/s-0029-1224684; Harrington G, Watson K, Bailey M, Land G, Borrell S, Houston L, Kehoe R, Bass P, Cockroft E, Marshall C, Mijch A, Spelman D. Reduction in hospitalwide incidence of infection or colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with use of antimicrobial hand-hygiene gel and statistical process control charts. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Jul;28(7):837-44. DOI:10.1086/518844; Harte VJ, O'Hanrahan MT, Timoney RF. Microbial contamination in residues of ophthalmic preparations. Int J Pharmac. 1978;1(3):165-71.; Hartmann S, Pietsch H, Sauermann G, Neubert R. Untersuchungen zur Hautverträglichkeit von alkoholischen Händedesinfektionsmitteln. Dermatosen. 1994;42(6):241-5.; Hayden MK, Blom DW, Lyle EA, Moore CG, Weinstein RA. Risk of hand or glove contamination after contact with patients colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus or the colonized patients' environment. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008 Feb;29(2):149-54. DOI:10.1086/524331; He GX, Landry M, Chen H, Thorpe C, Walsh D, Varela MF, Pan H. Detection of benzalkonium chloride resistance in community environmental isolates of staphylococci. J Med Microbiol. 2014 May;63(Pt 5):735-41. DOI:10.1099/jmm.0.073072-0; Hedderwick SA, McNeil SA, Lyons MJ, Kauffman CA. Pathogenic organisms associated with artificial fingernails worn by healthcare workers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2000 Aug;21(8):505-9. DOI:10.1086/501794; Heeg P, Oswald W, Schwenzer N. Wirksamkeitsvergleich von Desinfektionsverfahren zur chirurgischen Händedesinfektion unter experimentellen und klinischen Bedingungen. Hyg Med. 1986;11:107-11.; Heeg P, Ulmer R, Schwenzer N. Verbessern Händewaschen und Verwendung der Handbürste das Ergebnis der chirurgischen Händedesinfektion. Hyg Med. 1988;13:270-2.; Heese A, Peters KP, Koch HU, Hornstein OP. Soforttyp-Allergien gegen Latexhandschuhe. Dt Ärztebl. 1995;92:2127-35.; Hegde PP, Andrade AT, Bhat K. Microbial contamination of "in use" bar soap in dental clinics. Indian J Dent Res. 2006;17(2):70-3. DOI:10.4103/0970-9290.29888; Held E, Wolff C, Gyntelberg F, Agner T. Prevention of work-related skin problems in student auxiliary nurses: an intervention study. Contact Dermatitis. 2001 May;44(5):297-303. DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.440509.x; Held E, Mygind K, Wolff C, Gyntelberg F, Agner T. Prevention of work related skin problems: an intervention study in wet work employees. Occup Environ Med. 2002 Aug;59(8):556-61. DOI:10.1136/oem.59.8.556; Hengesbach B, Schneider A. Umfüllen von Händedesinfektionsmitteln - hygienische und haftungsrechtliche Aspekte. Hyg Med. 2013;38(6):259-60.; Henry-Lagarrigue M, Charbonnier M, Bruneel F, Legriel S, Troche G, Ben Mokhtar H, Yehia A, Guezennec P, Merrer J, Palette C, Bedos JP. Severe alcohol hand rub overdose inducing coma, watch after H1N1 pandemic. Neurocrit Care. 2010 Jun;12(3):400-2. DOI:10.1007/s12028-009-9319-4; Herrmann J, Krüskemper HL. Gefährdung von Patienten mit latenter und manifester Hyperthyreose durch jodhaltige Röntgenkontrastmittel und Medikamente [Risk to patients with latent or manifest hyperthyroidism through iodine-containing contrast media and drugs (author's transl)]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1978 Sep;103(37):1434, 1437-43. DOI:10.1055/s-0028-1129278; Hilt N, Lokate M, OldeLoohuis A, Hulscher MEJL, Friedrich AW, Voss A. Hand hygiene compliance in Dutch general practice offices. Arch Public Health. 2020;78:79. DOI:10.1186/s13690-020-00464-5; Hindson TC. Irgasan DP300 in a deodorant. Contact Dermatitis. 1975 Oct;1(5):328. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05460.x; Hirose R, Ikegaya H, Naito Y, Watanabe N, Yoshida T, Bandou R, Daidoji T, Itoh Y, Nakaya T. Survival of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Influenza Virus on Human Skin: Importance of Hand Hygiene in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Dec;73(11):e4329-e4335. DOI:10.1093/cid/ciaa1517; Hirschmann H, Fux L, Podusel J, Schindler K, Kundi M, Rotter M, Wewalka G; EURIDIKI. European Interdisciplinary Committee for Infection Prophylaxis. The influence of hand hygiene prior to insertion of peripheral venous catheters on the frequency of complications. J Hosp Infect. 2001 Nov;49(3):199-203. DOI:10.1053/jhin.2001.1077; Ho ML, Seto WH, Wong LC, Wong TY. Effectiveness of multifaceted hand hygiene interventions in long-term care facilities in Hong Kong: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2012 Aug;33(8):761-7. DOI:10.1086/666740; Hoborn J. Transmission of aerobic skin organisms via contact. In: Hoborn J, ed. Humans as dispersers of microorganisms - dispersion pattern and prevention [Thesis]. Göteborg: University Göteborg; 1981. pp. 65-85.; Hochleitner BW, Menardi G, Häussler B, Ulmer H, Kofler H, Reider N. Spina bifida as an independent risk factor for sensitization to latex. J Urol. 2001 Dec;166(6):2370-3; discussion 2373-4.; Horinouchi CD, Otuki MF. Botanical briefs: comfrey (Symphytum officinale). Cutis. 2013 May;91(5):225-8.; Hota S, Hirji Z, Stockton K, Lemieux C, Dedier H, Wolfaardt G, Gardam MA. Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization and infection secondary to imperfect intensive care unit room design. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009 Jan;30(1):25-33. DOI:10.1086/592700; Huang C, Ma W, Stack S. The hygienic efficacy of different hand-drying methods: a review of the evidence. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Aug;87(8):791-8. DOI:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.02.019; Hughes KA, Cornwall J, Theis JC, Brooks HJ. Bacterial contamination of unused, disposable non-sterile gloves on a hospital orthopaedic ward. Australas Med J. 2013;6(6):331-8. DOI:10.4066/AMJ.2013.1675; Hübner NH. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Verbesserung der chirurgischen Händedesinfektion [Dissertation]. Greifswald: Universität Greifswald; 2004.; Hübner NO, Kellner NB, Partecke LI, Koburger T, Heidecke CD, Kohlmann T, Kramer A. Determination of antiseptic efficacy of rubs on the forearm and consequences for surgical hand disinfection. J Hosp Infect. 2011 May;78(1):11-5. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2010.01.033; Hübner NO, Goerdt AM, Stanislawski N, Assadian O, Heidecke CD, Kramer A, Partecke LI. Bacterial migration through punctured surgical gloves under real surgical conditions. BMC Infect Dis. 2010 Jul;10:192. DOI:10.1186/1471-2334-10-192; Hübner NO, Goerdt AM, Mannerow A, Pohrt U, Heidecke CD, Kramer A, Partecke LI. The durability of examination gloves used on intensive care units. BMC Infect Dis. 2013 May;13:226. DOI:10.1186/1471-2334-13-226; Hübner NO, Kampf G, Kamp P, Kohlmann T, Kramer A. Does a preceding hand wash and drying time after surgical hand disinfection influence the efficacy of a propanol-based hand rub? BMC Microbiol. 2006 Jun;6:57. DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-6-57; Hübner NO, Rubbert K, Pohrt U, Heidecke CD, Partecke LI, Kramer A. Einsatz wiederaufbereitbarer textiler Unterziehhandschuhe für medizinische Tätigkeiten: eine Machbarkeitsstudie [Use of Reusable Textile Undergloves for Medical Procedures: A Feasibility Study]. Zentralbl Chir. 2016 Feb;141(1):62-7. DOI:10.1055/s-0034-1368205; Hübner NO, Kampf G, Löffler H, Kramer A. Effect of a 1 min hand wash on the bactericidal efficacy of consecutive surgical hand disinfection with standard alcohols and on skin hydration. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2006 May;209(3):285-91. DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.01.002; Hübner NO, Hübner C, Wodny M, Kampf G, Kramer A. Effectiveness of alcohol-based hand disinfectants in a public administration: impact on health and work performance related to acute respiratory symptoms and diarrhoea. BMC Infect Dis. 2010 Aug;10:250. DOI:10.1186/1471-2334-10-250; Ibler KS, Jemec GB, Diepgen TL, Gluud C, Lindschou Hansen J, Winkel P, Thomsen SF, Agner T. Skin care education and individual counselling versus treatment as usual in healthcare workers with hand eczema: randomised clinical trial. BMJ. 2012 Dec;345:e7822. DOI:10.1136/bmj.e7822; Imhof R, Chaberny IF, Schock B. Gloves use and possible barriers - an observational study with concluding questionnaire. GMS Hyg Infect Control. 2021 Feb 22;16:Doc08. DOI:10.3205/dgkh000379; Ionidis G, Hübscher J, Jack T, Becker B, Bischoff B, Todt D, Hodasa V, Brill FH, Steinmann E, Steinmann J. Development and virucidal activity of a novel alcohol-based hand disinfectant supplemented with urea and citric acid. BMC Infect Dis. 2016 Feb;16:77. DOI:10.1186/s12879-016-1410-9; Jayathillake A, Mason DF, Broome K. Allergy to chlorhexidine gluconate in urethral gel: report of four cases and review of the literature. Urology. 2003 Apr;61(4):837. DOI:10.1016/s0090-4295(02)02432-9; Jäkel C. Haftungsrechtliche Aspekte bei Hygienemängeln und Hygienemängel als Ursache von Haftungsansprüchen. In: Kramer A, Assadian O, Exner M, Hübner NO, Simon A, Scheithauer S, Hrsg. Krankenhaus- und Praxishygiene. 4. Aufl. München: Elsevier; 2022. pp. 762-67.; Johnson S, Gerding DN, Olson MM, Weiler MD, Hughes RA, Clabots CR, Peterson LR. Prospective, controlled study of vinyl glove use to interrupt Clostridium difficile nosocomial transmission. Am J Med. 1990 Feb;88(2):137-40. DOI:10.1016/0002-9343(90)90462-m; Kabara JJ, Brady MB. Contamination of bar soaps under "in-use" conditions. J Environm Pathol Toxicol Cancer. 1984;5(4-5):1-14.; Kaier K, Frank U, Hagist C, Conrad A, Meyer E. The impact of antimicrobial drug consumption and alcohol-based hand rub use on the emergence and spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains: a time-series analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009 Mar;63(3):609-14. DOI:10.1093/jac/dkn534; Kampf G, Löffler H, Gastmeier P. Hand hygiene for the prevention of nosocomial infections. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2009 Oct;106(40):649-55. DOI:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0649; Kampf G, Ennen J. Regular use of a hand cream can attenuate skin dryness and roughness caused by frequent hand washing. BMC Dermatol. 2006 Feb;6:1. DOI:10.1186/1471-5945-6-1; Kampf G, Kramer A. Händehygiene. In: Kramer A, Assadian O, Exner M, Hübner NO, Simon A, Scheithauer S, editors. Krankenhaus- und Praxishygiene. 4. Aufl. Deutschland: Elsevier; 2022. pp. 13-9.; Kampf G, Reichel M, Feil Y, Eggerstedt S, Kaulfers PM. Influence of rub-in technique on required application time and hand coverage in hygienic hand disinfection. BMC Infect Dis. 2008 Oct;8:149. DOI:10.1186/1471-2334-8-149; Kampf G, Wigger-Alberti W, Schoder V, Wilhelm KP. Emollients in a propanol-based hand rub can significantly decrease irritant contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 2005 Dec;53(6):344-9. DOI:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00727.x; Kampf G, Kramer A. Epidemiologic background of hand hygiene and evaluation of the most important agents for scrubs and rubs. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004 Oct;17(4):863-93, table of contents. DOI:10.1128/CMR.17.4.863-893.2004; Kampf G, Ostermeyer C. Efficacy of alcohol-based gels compared with simple hand wash and hygienic hand disinfection. J Hosp Infect. 2004 Apr;56 Suppl 2:S13-5. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2003.12.026; Kampf G. Antiseptic Stewardship. Biocide Resistance and Clinical Implications. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Int Pub; 2018.; Kampf G, Ostermeyer C, Heeg P. Surgical hand disinfection with a propanol-based hand rub: equivalence of shorter application times. J Hosp Infect. 2005 Apr;59(4):304-10. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2004.09.022; Kampf G, Kramer A, Suchomel M. Lack of sustained efficacy for alcohol-based surgical hand rubs containing 'residual active ingredients' according to EN 12791. J Hosp Infect. 2017 Feb;95(2):163-168. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2016.11.001; Kampf G, Ostermeyer C. Intra-laboratory reproducibility of the hand hygiene reference procedures of EN 1499 (hygienic handwash) and EN 1500 (hygienic hand disinfection). J Hosp Infect. 2002 Nov;52(3):219-24. DOI:10.1053/jhin.2002.1299; Kasatpibal N, Chittawatanarat K, Nunngam N, Kampeerapanya D, Duangsoy N, Rachakom C, Soison U, Apisarnthanarak A. Impact of multimodal strategies to reduce multidrug-resistant organisms in surgical intensive care units: Knowledge, practices and transmission: A quasi-experimental study. Nurs Open. 2021 Jul;8(4):1937-46. DOI:10.1002/nop2.864; Kawai M, Kondo Y, Nakajima Y, Tsuge I, Yoshikawa T, Yagami A, Aihara M, Ikezawa Z, Ohya Y, Kitabayashi T, Saito H, Shibata R, Naito T, Harada S, Hide M, Matsunaga K, Miyasaka K, Akasawa A. Changes in the characteristics of patients with latex allergy from 1999 to 2014. Fujita Med J. 2020;6(3):67-72.; Khosrowpour Z, Ahmad Nasrollahi S, Ayatollahi A, Samadi A, Firooz A. Effects of four soaps on skin trans-epidermal water loss and erythema index. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2019 Jun;18(3):857-61. DOI:10.1111/jocd.12758; Kikuchi-Numagami K, Saishu T, Fukaya M, Kanazawa E, Tagami H. Irritancy of scrubbing up for surgery with or without a brush. Acta Derm Venereol. 1999 May;79(3):230-2. DOI:10.1080/000155599750011057; Kim MY, Dong M, Dedon PC, Wogan GN. Effects of peroxynitrite dose and dose rate on DNA damage and mutation in the supF shuttle vector. Chem Res Toxicol. 2005 Jan;18(1):76-86. DOI:10.1021/tx049777m; Kirkland KB, Homa KA, Lasky RA, Ptak JA, Taylor EA, Splaine ME. Impact of a hospital-wide hand hygiene initiative on healthcare-associated infections: results of an interrupted time series. BMJ Qual Saf. 2012 Dec;21(12):1019-26. DOI:10.1136/bmjqs-2012-000800; Klein M, Deforest A. Antiviral action of germicides. Soap Chem Spec. 1963;39(70-72):95-7.; Koller W, Rotter M, Mittermayer H, Wewalka G. Zur Kinetik der Keimabgabe von der künstlich kontaminierten Hand. Zbl Bakteriol Hyg I Abt Orig. 1976;B163:509-23.; Korniewicz DM, Chookaew N, Brown J, Bookhamer N, Mudd K, Bollinger ME. Impact of converting to powder-free gloves. Decreasing the symptoms of latex exposure in operating room personnel. AAOHN J. 2005 Mar;53(3):111-6.; Korniewicz DM, El-Masri MM, Broyles JM, Martin CD, O'Connell KP. A laboratory-based study to assess the performance of surgical gloves. AORN J. 2003 Apr;77(4):772-9. DOI:10.1016/s0001-2092(06)60796-5; Kralj N, Beie M, Hofmann F. Surgical gloves - how well do they protect against infections? Gesundheitswes. 1999;61:398-403.; Kramer A, Schneider A. Zur Problematik von Desinfektionsmittelspendern in Patientenzimmern. Hyg Med. 1996;21:256.; Kramer A, Galabov AS, Sattar SA, Döhner L, Pivert A, Payan C, Wolff MH, Yilmaz A, Steinmann J. Virucidal activity of a new hand disinfectant with reduced ethanol content: comparison with other alcohol-based formulations. J Hosp Infect. 2006 Jan;62(1):98-106. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2005.06.020; Kramer A, Briesch H, Christiansen B, Löffler H, Perlitz C, Reichardt C. Händehygiene in Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens: Empfehlung der Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention (KRINKO) beim Robert Koch-Institut (RKI). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2016 Sep;59(9):1189-220. DOI:10.1007/s00103-016-2416-6; Kramer A, Adrian V, Rudolph P, Wurster S, Lippert H. Explantationstest mit Haut und Peritoneum der neonatalen Ratte als Voraussagetest zur Verträglichkeit lokaler Antiinfektiva für Wunden und Körperhöhlen [Explant test with skin and peritoneum of the neonatal rat as a predictive test of tolerance of local anti-infective agents in wounds and body cavities]. Chirurg. 1998 Aug;69(8):840-5. DOI:10.1007/s001040050498; Kramer A, Weuffen W, Schwenke W. Mikrobiologische und dermatologische. Anforderungen an antiseptische Seifen. Derm Mschr. 1973;159:526-39.; Kramer A. Haftungsansprüche in der Rechtsprechung. In: Kramer A, Assadian O, Exner M, Hübner NO, Simon A, Scheithauer S, Hrsg. Krankenhaus- und Praxishygiene. München: Elsevier; 2022. pp. 768-73.; Kramer A. Händehygiene ökologisch und ökonomisch durchdacht. Manag Krankenh. 2021;9(Sonderheft):16.; Kramer A, Pittet D, Klasinc R, Krebs S, Koburger T, Fusch C, Assadian O. Shortening the Application Time of Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs to 15 Seconds May Improve the Frequency of Hand Antisepsis Actions in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2017 Dec;38(12):1430-4. DOI:10.1017/ice.2017.217; Kramer A, Assadian O, Kampf G. Antiseptische Indikationen, Konzepte und Antiseptic Stewardship. In: Kramer A, Assadian O, Exner M, Hübner NO, Scheithauer S, Simon A, editors. Krankenhaus- und Praxishygiene. 4. Aufl. München: Elsevier; 2022. p. 88-105.; Kramer A, Gröschel D, Heeg P, Hingst V, Krasilnikow AP, Reybrouck G, et al. Begriffsbestimmung der Antiseptik und Zielstellung der klinischen Anwendung von Antiseptika. In: Kramer A, Gröschel D, Heeg P, Hingst V, Lippert H, Rotter M, Weuffen W, editors. Klinische Antiseptik. Berlin: Springer; 2011. p. 1-22.; Kramer A, Hübner N, Below H, Heidecke CD, Assadian O. Improving adherence to surgical hand preparation. J Hosp Infect. 2008 Oct;70 Suppl 1:35-43. DOI:10.1016/S0195-6701(08)60009-2; Kramer A, Assadian O, Simon A, Hübner NO, Heidecke KD, Ettl B. Einbeziehung des Patienten und Besuchern in die Infektionsprävention. In: Kramer A, Assadian O, Exner M, Hübner NO, Scheithauer S, Simon A, Hrsg. Krankenhaus- und Praxishygiene. 4. Aufl. München: Elsevier; 2022. pp. 324-30.; Kramer A, Reichwagen S, Below H, Heldt P, Weber U, Widulle H, Nürnberg W. Alkohole. In: Kramer A, Assadian O, Hrsg. Wallhäußers Praxis der Sterilisation, Desinfektion, Antiseptik und Konservierung. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2008. pp. 643 -69.; Kramer A, Rudolph P, Kampf G, Pittet D. Limited efficacy of alcohol-based hand gels. Lancet. 2002 Apr;359(9316):1489-90. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08426-X; Kramer A, Seifert J, Abele-Horn M, Arvand M, Biever P, Blacky A, Brinkmann F, Buerke M, Ciesek S, Chaberny I, Deja M, Engelhart S, Eschberger D, Gruber B, Hedtmann A, Heider J, Hoyme UB, Jäkel C, Kalbe P, Luckhaupt H, Novotny A, Papan C, Piechota H, Pitten FA, Reinecke V, Schilling D, Schulz-Schaeffer W, Sunderdiek U. S2k-LL Händedesinfektion und Händehygiene. Registernummer 075-004. Berlin: AWMF; 2023 Feb 03. (Version 4.0). Available from: https://register.awmf.org/assets/guidelines/075-004l_S2k_Haendedesinfektion-und-Haendehygiene_2023-09.pdf; Kramer A, Bernig T, Kampf G. Clinical double-blind trial on the dermal tolerance and user acceptability of six alcohol-based hand disinfectants for hygienic hand disinfection. J Hosp Infect. 2002 Jun;51(2):114-20. DOI:10.1053/jhin.2002.1223; Kramer A, Mersch-Sundermann V, Gerdes H, Pitten FA, Tronnier H. Toxikologische Bewertung für die Händedesinfektion relevanter antimikrobieller Wirkstoffe. In: Kampf G, editor. Hände-Hygiene im Gesundheitswesen. Berlin: Springer; 2003. pp. 105-74.; Kramer A, Below H, Assadian O. Health risks of surface disinfection in households with special consideration on quaternary ammonium compounds (QACS). In: Bioaerosols - 6th Int Sci Conf Bioaerosols, Fungi, Bacteria, Mycotoxins in Indoor and Outdoor Environments and Human Health. Albany, USA: Fungal Research Group Foundation; 2012.; Kramer A. Nutzen-Risiko-Bewertung von Quartären Ammoniumverbindungen. Manag Krankenh. 2020;6:20.; Kramer A, Arvand M, Christiansen B, Dancer S, Eggers M, Exner M, Müller D, Mutters NT, Schwebke I, Pittet D. Ethanol is indispensable for virucidal hand antisepsis: memorandum from the alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) Task Force, WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, and the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (KRINKO), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2022 Jul;11(1):93. DOI:10.1186/s13756-022-01134-7; Kramer A. Antiseptika und Händedesinfektionsmittel. In: Korting HC, Sterry W, editors. Therapeutische Verfahren in der Dermatologie - Dermatika und Kosmetika. Berlin: Blackwell Wissenschaft; 2001. pp. 273-94.; Kramer A, Jünger M, Kampf G. Hygienische und dermatologische Aspekte der Händedesinfektion und der prophylaktischen Hautantiseptik [Hygienic and dermatologic aspects of hand disinfection and prophylactic skin antisepsis]. Hautarzt. 2005 Aug;56(8):743-51. DOI:10.1007/s00105-005-0987-5; Kramer A, Heidecke CD. Präoperative Hautantiseptik und Hautschutz. Trauma Berufskrankh. 2015;17:322-9.; Kramer A, Assadian O. Indications and the requirements for single-use medical gloves. GMS Hyg Infect Contr. 2016;11:Doc01.; Kresken J, Klotz A. Occupational skin-protection products - a review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2003 Jun;76(5):355-8. DOI:10.1007/s00420-002-0422-5; Kumar RP. Latex allergy in clinical practice. Indian J Dermatol. 2012 Jan;57(1):66-70. DOI:10.4103/0019-5154.92686; Kütting B, Drexler H. Der dreistufige Hautschutzplan. Ein wirksames Instrument der Primärprävention oder eher geeignet für die Sekundärprävention [The three-step programme of skin protection. A useful instrument of primary prevention or more effective in secondary prevention?]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2008 Feb;133(5):201-5. DOI:10.1055/s-2008-1017498; Ladegaard MB, Stage V. Hand-hygiene and sickness among small children attending day care centers. An intervention study. Ugeskr Laeger. 1999;161(31):4396-400.; Lam BC, Lee J, Lau YL. Hand hygiene practices in a neonatal intensive care unit: a multimodal intervention and impact on nosocomial infection. Pediatrics. 2004 Nov;114(5):e565-71. DOI:10.1542/peds.2004-1107; Lanini S, D'Arezzo S, Puro V, Martini L, Imperi F, Piselli P, Montanaro M, Paoletti S, Visca P, Ippolito G. Molecular epidemiology of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa hospital outbreak driven by a contaminated disinfectant-soap dispenser. PLoS One. 2011 Feb;6(2):e17064. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0017064; Larson E. A causal link between handwashing and risk of infection? Examination of the evidence. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1988 Jan;9(1):28-36. DOI:10.1086/645729; Larson E, Leyden JJ, McGinley KJ, Grove GL, Talbot GH. Physiologic and microbiologic changes in skin related to frequent handwashing. Infect Control. 1986 Feb;7(2):59-63. DOI:10.1017/s019594170006389x; Larson E. Skin Cleansing. In: Wenzel RP, ed. Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infections. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams Wilkins; 1993. pp. 450-9.; Larson E, Anderson JK, Baxendale L, Bobo L. Effects of a protective foam on scrubbing and gloving. Am J Infect Control. 1993 Dec;21(6):297-301. DOI:10.1016/0196-6553(93)90386-i; Larson E, Lusk E. Evaluating handwashing technique. J Adv Nurs. 1985 Nov;10(6):547-52. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1985.tb00546.x; Larson EL, Hughes CA, Pyrek JD, Sparks SM, Cagatay EU, Bartkus JM. Changes in bacterial flora associated with skin damage on hands of health care personnel. Am J Infect Control. 1998 Oct;26(5):513-21. DOI:10.1016/s0196-6553(98)70025-2; Larson EL, Butz AM, Gullette DL, Laughon BA. Alcohol for surgical scrubbing? Inf Contr Hosp Epidemiol. 1990;11(3):139-43.; Larson EL, Aiello AE, Heilman JM, Lyle CT, Cronquist A, Stahl JB, Della-Latta P. Comparison of different regimens for surgical hand preparation. AORN J. 2001 Feb;73(2):412-4, 417-8, 420 passim. DOI:10.1016/s0001-2092(06)61981-9; Larson EL, Aiello AE, Bastyr J, Lyle C, Stahl J, Cronquist A, Lai L, Della-Latta P. Assessment of two hand hygiene regimens for intensive care unit personnel. Crit Care Med. 2001 May;29(5):944-51. DOI:10.1097/00003246-200105000-00007; Larson EL, Cimiotti J, Haas J, Parides M, Nesin M, Della-Latta P, Saiman L. Effect of antiseptic handwashing vs alcohol sanitizer on health care-associated infections in neonatal intensive care units. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005 Apr;159(4):377-83. DOI:10.1001/archpedi.159.4.377; Le TA, Dibley MJ, Vo VN, Archibald L, Jarvis WR, Sohn AH. Reduction in surgical site infections in neurosurgical patients associated with a bedside hand hygiene program in Vietnam. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 May;28(5):583-8. DOI:10.1086/516661; Leclerc H, Schwartzbrod L, Dei-Cas E. Microbial agents associated with waterborne diseases. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2002;28(4):371-409. DOI:10.1080/1040-840291046768; Lee MJ, Do SH, Na HS, Kim MH, Jeon YT, Hwang JW. Anaphylaxis caused by latex surgical gloves immediately after starting surgery - A case report. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2010;59 Suppl(Suppl):S99-S102.; Lee MY, Lee NH, Jung D, Lee JA, Seo CS, Lee H, Kim JH, Shin HK. Protective effects of allantoin against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced lung inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Int Immunopharmacol. 2010 Apr;10(4):474-80. DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2010.01.008; Lilly HA, Lowbury EJ. Transient skin flora: their removal by cleansing or disinfection in relation to their mode of deposition. J Clin Pathol. 1978 Oct;31(10):919-22. DOI:10.1136/jcp.31.10.919; Linam WM, Margolis PA, Atherton H, Connelly BL. Quality-improvement initiative sustains improvement in pediatric health care worker hand hygiene. Pediatrics. 2011 Sep;128(3):e689-98. DOI:10.1542/peds.2010-3587; Ling ML, How KB. Impact of a hospital-wide hand hygiene promotion strategy on healthcare-associated infections. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2012 Mar;1(1):13. DOI:10.1186/2047-2994-1-13; Liu WI, Liang SY, Wu SF, Chuang YH. Hand hygiene compliance among the nursing staff in freestanding nursing homes in Taiwan: a preliminary study. Int J Nurs Pract. 2014 Feb;20(1):46-52. DOI:10.1111/ijn.12120; Lorenz LA, Ramsay BD, Goeres DM, Fields MW, Zapka CA, Macinga DR. Evaluation and remediation of bulk soap dispensers for biofilm. Biofouling. 2012;28(1):99-109. DOI:10.1080/08927014.2011.653637; LowburyY EJ, Lilly HA, Bull JP. Disinfection of hands: removal of transient organisms. Br Med J. 1964 Jul;2(5403):230-3. DOI:10.1136/bmj.2.5403.230; Lowe C, Willey B, O'Shaughnessy A, Lee W, Lum M, Pike K, Larocque C, Dedier H, Dales L, Moore C, McGeer A; Mount Sinai Hospital Infection Control Team. Outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella oxytoca infections associated with contaminated handwashing sinks(1). Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Aug;18(8):1242-7. DOI:10.3201/eid1808.111268; Löffler H, Dickel H, Bruckner T, Effendy I, Happle R. Skin changes in geriatric nurses prior to training heralding a particular risk of hand dermatitis. Europ J Dermatol. 2002;12(5):452-4.; Löffler H, Bruckner T, Diepgen T, Effendy I. Primary prevention in health care employees: a prospective intervention study with a 3-year training period. Contact Dermatitis. 2006 Apr;54(4):202-9. DOI:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00825.x; Löffler H, Kampf G, Schmermund D, Maibach HI. How irritant is alcohol? Br J Dermatol. 2007 Jul;157(1):74-81. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07944.x; Lucet JC, Rigaud MP, Mentre F, Kassis N, Deblangy C, Andremont A, Bouvet E. Hand contamination before and after different hand hygiene techniques: a randomized clinical trial. J Hosp Infect. 2002 Apr;50(4):276-80. DOI:10.1053/jhin.2002.1202; Lundov MD, Johansen JD, Zachariae C, Moesby L. Creams used by hand eczema patients are often contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. Acta Derm Venereol. 2012 Jul;92(4):441-2. DOI:10.2340/00015555-1308; MacDonald A, Dinah F, MacKenzie D, Wilson A. Performance feedback of hand hygiene, using alcohol gel as the skin decontaminant, reduces the number of inpatients newly affected by MRSA and antibiotic costs. J Hosp Infect. 2004 Jan;56(1):56-63. DOI:10.1016/s0195-6701(03)00293-7; Mahmood A, Eqan M, Pervez S, Alghamdi HA, Tabinda AB, Yasar A, Brindhadevi K, Pugazhendhi A. COVID-19 and frequent use of hand sanitizers; human health and environmental hazards by exposure pathways. Sci Total Environ. 2020 Nov;742:140561. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140561; Malherbe H, Nugier A, Clément J, Lamboy B. Interventions validées ou prometteuses en prévention des maladies infectieuses chez les jeunes par l'hygieène des mains en milieu scolaire?: synthèse de la littérature [Evidence-based and promising interventions to prevent infectious diseases among youth as a result of poor hand hygiene in schools: a literature review]. Sante Publique. 2013;25(Suppl 1):57-63.; Malik RK, Montecalvo MA, Reale MR, Li K, Maw M, Munoz JL, Gedris C, van Horn K, Carnevale KA, Levi MH, Dweck HS. Epidemiology and control of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a regional neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999 Apr;18(4):352-6. DOI:10.1097/00006454-199904000-00009; Manz F, Böhmer T, Gärtner R, Grossklaus R, Klett M, Schneider R. Quantification of iodine supply: representative data on intake and urinary excretion of iodine from the German population in 1996. Ann Nutr Metab. 2002;46(3-4):128-38. DOI:10.1159/000063083; Margas E, Maguire E, Berland CR, Welander F, Holah JT. Assessment of the environmental microbiological cross contamination following hand drying with paper hand towels or an air blade dryer. J Appl Microbiol. 2013 Aug;115(2):572-82. DOI:10.1111/jam.12248; Marra AR, Noritomi DT, Westheimer Cavalcante AJ, Sampaio Camargo TZ, Bortoleto RP, Durao Junior MS, Apisarnthanarak A, Laselva C, de Souza Pimentel W, Rolim Ferraz LJ, Fátima dos Santos Cardoso M, da Silva Victor E, Pavão dos Santos OF, Neto MC, Edmond MB; Positive Deviance For Hand Hygiene Study Group. A multicenter study using positive deviance for improving hand hygiene compliance. Am J Infect Control. 2013 Nov;41(11):984-8. DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2013.05.013; Martin-Villa C, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Alou L, González N, Losa-Iglesias M, Gómez-Lus ML, Sevillano D. Comparing rubbing and scrubbing surgical hand antisepsis with propan-1-ol 60% in accordance with European regulation UNE-EN 12791:2016+A1:2018. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2021 Nov;42(11):1382-4. DOI:10.1017/ice.2020.1388; Matthews JA, Newsom SW. Hot air electric hand driers compared with paper towels for potential spread of airborne bacteria. J Hosp Infect. 1987 Jan;9(1):85-8. DOI:10.1016/0195-6701(87)90101-0; Mäkela P. Gesunde Haut als Voraussetzung für eine effektive Händedesinfektion. In: Kramer A, Gröschel D, Heeg P, Hingst V, Lippert H, Rotter M, Weuffen W, editors. Klinische Antiseptik. Berlin: Springer; 1993. pp. 97-103.; Mc Cay PH, Ocampo-Sosa AA, Fleming GTA. Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of benzalkonium chloride on the competitiveness of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in continuous culture. Microbiology (Reading). 2010 Jan;156(Pt 1):30-8. DOI:10.1099/mic.0.029751-0; McGinley KJ, Larson EL, Leyden JJ. Composition and density of microflora in the subungual space of the hand. J Clin Microbiol. 1988 May;26(5):950-3. DOI:10.1128/jcm.26.5.950-953.1988; McNeil SA, Nordstrom-Lerner L, Malani PN, Zervos M, Kauffman CA. Outbreak of sternal surgical site infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa traced to a scrub nurse with onychomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Aug;33(3):317-23. DOI:10.1086/321890; McNeil SA, Foster CL, Hedderwick SA, Kauffman CA. Effect of hand cleansing with antimicrobial soap or alcohol-based gel on microbial colonization of artificial fingernails worn by health care workers. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Feb;32(3):367-72. DOI:10.1086/318488; Meda M, Gentry V, Reidy P, Garner D. Unintended consequences of long-sleeved gowns in a critical care setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Hosp Infect. 2020 Nov;106(3):605-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.036; Meers PD, Yeo GA. Shedding of bacteria and skin squames after handwashing. J Hyg (Lond). 1978 Aug;81(1):99-105. DOI:10.1017/s0022172400053808; Meers PD, Leong KY. Hot-air hand driers. J Hosp Infect. 1989 Aug;14(2):169-71. DOI:10.1016/0195-6701(89)90121-7; Menegueti MG, Laus AM, Ciol MA, Auxiliadora-Martins M, Basile-Filho A, Gir E, Pires D, Pittet D, Bellissimo-Rodrigues F. Glycerol content within the WHO ethanol-based handrub formulation: balancing tolerability with antimicrobial efficacy. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019;8:109. DOI:10.1186/s13756-019-0553-z; Meng M, Seidlein AH, Kugler C. Hand hygiene monitoring technology: A descriptive study of ethics and acceptance in nursing. Nurs Ethics. 2022 Mar;29(2):436-47. DOI:10.1177/09697330211015351; Merck KGaA. 1-Propanol reinst. Sicherheitsdatenblatt gemäß EG-Richtlinie 91/155 EWG. 2004.; Merck KGaA. 2-Propanol. Sicherheitsdatenblatt gemäß Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1907/2006. 2004.; Merck KGaA. Ethanol absolut zur Analyse. Sicherheitsdatenblatt gemäß Verordnung (EG) Nr. 453/2010. 2014.; Merget R, van Kampen V, Sucker K, Heinze E, Taeger D, Goldscheid N, Haufs MG, Raulf-Heimsoth M, Kromark K, Nienhaus A, Bruening T. The German experience 10 years after the latex allergy epidemic: need for further preventive measures in healthcare employees with latex allergy. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2010 Dec;83(8):895-903. DOI:10.1007/s00420-010-0533-3; Merrer J, Girou E, Ducellier D, Clavreul N, Cizeau F, Legrand P, Leneveu M. Should electronic faucets be used in intensive care and hematology units? Intensive Care Med. 2005 Dec;31(12):1715-8. DOI:10.1007/s00134-005-2824-9; Merry AF, Miller TE, Findon G, Webster CS, Neff SP. Touch contamination levels during anaesthetic procedures and their relationship to hand hygiene procedures: a clinical audit. Br J Anaesth. 2001 Aug;87(2):291-4. DOI:10.1093/bja/87.2.291; Meschiari M, Lòpez-Lozano JM, Di Pilato V, Gimenez-Esparza C, Vecchi E, Bacca E, Orlando G, Franceschini E, Sarti M, Pecorari M, Grottola A, Venturelli C, Busani S, Serio L, Girardis M, Rossolini GM, Gyssens IC, Monnet DL, Mussini C. A five-component infection control bundle to permanently eliminate a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii spreading in an intensive care unit. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2021 Aug;10(1):123. DOI:10.1186/s13756-021-00990-z; Meyer MJ, Hoene A, Weinrich M, Zwicker P, Kramer A. Untersuchungen zum Bioburden auf OP-Handschuhen während gefäßchirurgischer Operationen und Konsequenzen. In: 27 Norddeutschen Gefäßtage der Norddeutschen Gesellschaft für Gefäßmedizin; 2022 Sep 16-17; Greifswald.; Mégarbane B, Villa A. Poisoning with Ethanol and 2-Propanol-Based Hand Rubs: Give Caesar What Belongs to Caesar!. Neurocrit Care. 2019 Feb;30(1):226-8. DOI:10.1007/s12028-010-9353-2; Mischke C, Verbeek JH, Saarto A, Lavoie MC, Pahwa M, Ijaz S. Gloves, extra gloves or special types of gloves for preventing percutaneous exposure injuries in healthcare personnel. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Mar;(3):CD009573. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD009573.pub2; Misteli H, Weber WP, Reck S, Rosenthal R, Zwahlen M, Fueglistaler P, Bolli MK, Oertli D, Widmer AF, Marti WR. Surgical glove perforation and the risk of surgical site infection. Arch Surg. 2009 Jun;144(6):553-8; discussion 558. DOI:10.1001/archsurg.2009.60; Mittermayer H, Rotter M. Vergleich der Wirkung von Wasser, einigen Detergentien und Äthylalkohol auf die transiente Flora der Hände. Zbl Bakteriol Hyg I Abt Orig. 1975;B160:163-72.; Mody L, Gontjes KJ, Cassone M, Gibson KE, Lansing BJ, Mantey J, Kabeto M, Galecki A, Min L. Effectiveness of a Multicomponent Intervention to Reduce Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Nursing Homes: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Jul;4(7):e2116555. DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.16555; Monsma M, Day R, St Arnaud S. Handwashing makes a difference. J Sch Health. 1992 Mar;62(3):109-11. DOI:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1992.tb06031.x; Moolenaar RL, Crutcher JM, San Joaquin VH, Sewell LV, Hutwagner LC, Carson LA, Robison DA, Smithee LM, Jarvis WR. A prolonged outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a neonatal intensive care unit: did staff fingernails play a role in disease transmission? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2000 Feb;21(2):80-5. DOI:10.1086/501739; Moosavi ZB, Lotfi G. The evaluation of bacterial colonization on skin lesions of hospitalized patients in dermatology department of Ahvaz. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2009;2(4):148-51.; Nadikuda S, Staat R, Carrico RM, Lorenz D, Gettleman L. Finger rings under gloves: cross-contamination and tears during clinical procedures. 2011 [Accessed 2023 Sep 18]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266766352_Finger_Rings_Under_Gloves_Cross-Contamination_and_Tears_During_Clinical_Procedures; Nakonechna A, Dore P, Dixon T, Khan S, Deacock S, Holding S, Abuzakouk M. Immediate hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine is increasingly recognised in the United Kingdom. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2014;42(1):44-9. DOI:10.1016/j.aller.2012.08.001; Ngeow YF, Ong HW, Tan P. Dispersal of bacteria by an electric air hand dryer. Malays J Pathol. 1989 Aug;11:53-6.; Nicolai P, Aldam CH, Allen PW. Increased awareness of glove perforation in major joint replacement. A prospective, randomised study of Regent Biogel Reveal gloves. J Bone Joint Surg. 1997;79(3):371-3.; Nienhaus A. Arbeitsschutz und arbeitsmedizinische Betreuung. In: Kramer A, Assadian O, Exner M, Hübner NO, Scheithauer S, Simon A, editors. Krankenhaus- und Praxishygiene. 4. Aufl. München: Elsevier; 2022. pp. 631-6.; Niggemann B, Buck D, Michael T, Haberl H, Wahn U. Latex allergy in spina bifida: at the turning point? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000 Dec;106(6):1201. DOI:10.1067/mai.2000.109619; Noakes TD, Borresen J, Hew-Butler T, Lambert MI, Jordaan E. Semmelweis and the aetiology of puerperal sepsis 160 years on: an historical review. Epidemiol Infect. 2008 Jan;136(1):1-9. DOI:10.1017/S0950268807008746; Nolte W, Müller R, Hüfner M. Die Behandlung iodinduzierter Hyperthyreosen. Med Klin. 1995;90:246-53.; Ortonne JP. Émulsion Neutrogena® Etude d'utilisation d'une émulsion a base de glycerine dans le traitment de l'eczéma et de la dermatile atopique. Dossier Clinique Centre Hospitalier Regional de Nice, Hospital Pasteur, Service de Dermatologie. 1989.; Osman MO, Jensen SL. Surgical gloves: current problems. World J Surg. 1999 Jul;23(7):630-7; discussion 637. DOI:10.1007/pl00012360; Palmer JD, Rickett JW. The mechanisms and risks of surgical glove perforation. J Hosp Infect. 1992 Dec;22(4):279-86. DOI:10.1016/0195-6701(92)90013-c; Pan A, Domenighini F, Signorini L, Assini R, Catenazzi P, Lorenzotti S, Patroni A, Carosi G, Guerrini G. Adherence to hand hygiene in an Italian long-term care facility. Am J Infect Control. 2008 Sep;36(7):495-7. DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2007.10.017; Parisi CA, Petriz NA, Busaniche JN, Cortines MC, Frangi FA, Portillo SA, de Badiola FI. Prevalence of latex allergy in a population of patients diagnosed with myelomeningocele. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2016;114(1):30-5.; Parisi CAS, Kelly KJ, Ansotegui IJ, Gonzalez-Díaz SN, Bilò MB, Cardona V, Park HS, Braschi MC, Macias-Weinmann A, Piga MA, Acuña-Ortega N, Sánchez-Borges M, Yañez A. Update on latex allergy: New insights into an old problem. World Allergy Organ J. 2021 Aug;14(8):100569. DOI:10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100569; Parlak EA, Iyigun E, Albay A, Bedir O. Impact of methods and duration of surgical hand scrub on bacterial count: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Infect Control. 2021 Nov;49(11):1376-83. DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2021.05.006; Parry MF, Grant B, Yukna M, Adler-Klein D, McLeod GX, Taddonio R, Rosenstein C. Candida osteomyelitis and diskitis after spinal surgery: an outbreak that implicates artificial nail use. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Feb;32(3):352-7. DOI:10.1086/318487; Partecke LI, Goerdt AM, Langner I, Jaeger B, Assadian O, Heidecke CD, Kramer A, Huebner NO. Incidence of microperforation for surgical gloves depends on duration of wear. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009 May;30(5):409-14. DOI:10.1086/597062; Passaro DJ, Waring L, Armstrong R, Bolding F, Bouvier B, Rosenberg J, Reingold AW, McQuitty M, Philpott SM, Jarvis WR, Werner SB, Tompkins LS, Vugia DJ. Postoperative Serratia marcescens wound infections traced to an out-of-hospital source. J Infect Dis. 1997 Apr;175(4):992-5. DOI:10.1086/514008; Patrick DR, Findon G, Miller TE. Residual moisture determines the level of touch-contact-associated bacterial transfer following hand washing. Epidemiol Infect. 1997 Dec;119(3):319-25. DOI:10.1017/s0950268897008261; Paula H, Becker R, Assadian O, Heidecke CD, Kramer A. Wettability of hands during 15-second and 30-second handrub time intervals: A prospective, randomized crossover study. Am J Infect Control. 2018 Sep;46(9):1032-5. DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2018.02.015; Pessoa-Silva CL, Hugonnet S, Pfister R, Touveneau S, Dharan S, Posfay-Barbe K, Pittet D. Reduction of health care associated infection risk in neonates by successful hand hygiene promotion. Pediatrics. 2007 Aug;120(2):e382-90. DOI:10.1542/peds.2006-3712; Pessoa-Silva CL, Dharan S, Hugonnet S, Touveneau S, Posfay-Barbe K, Pfister R, Pittet D. Dynamics of bacterial hand contamination during routine neonatal care. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004 Mar;25(3):192-7. DOI:10.1086/502376; Peyneau M, de Chaisemartin L, Gigant N, Chollet-Martin S, Kerdine-Römer S. Quaternary ammonium compounds in hypersensitivity reactions. Front Toxicol. 2022;4:973680. DOI:10.3389/ftox.2022.973680; Pham NH, Weiner JM, Reisner GS, Baldo BA. Anaphylaxis to chlorhexidine. Case report. Implication of immunoglobulin E antibodies and identification of an allergenic determinant. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000 Jul;30(7):1001-7. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00887.x; Pickardt CR. Iodexposition und Schilddrüsenautonomie. In: Börkner W, Weinheimer B, editors. Schilddrüse 1989, Primäre Diagnostik und Verlaufskontrolle der Struma. Berlin: de Gruyter; 1991. pp. 240-5.; Pires D, Soule H, Bellissimo-Rodrigues F, Gayet-Ageron A, Pittet D. Hand Hygiene With Alcohol-Based Hand Rub: How Long Is Long Enough? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2017 May;38(5):547-52. DOI:10.1017/ice.2017.25; Pitten FA, Müller P, Heeg P, Kramer A. Untersuchungen zur wiederholten Desinfizierbarkeit von Einweghandschuhen während des Tragens. Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed. 1998;201(6):555-62.; Pitten FA, Herdemann G, Kramer A. The integrity of latex gloves in clinical dental practice. Infection. 2000;28(6):388-92. DOI:10.1007/s150100070011; Pittet D, Hugonnet S, Harbarth S, Mourouga P, Sauvan V, Touveneau S, Perneger TV. Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Infection Control Programme. Lancet. 2000 Oct;356(9238):1307-12. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02814-2; Pittet D, Simon A, Hugonnet S, Pessoa-Silva CL, Sauvan V, Perneger TV. Hand hygiene among physicians: performance, beliefs, and perceptions. Ann Intern Med. 2004 Jul;141(1):1-8. DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-141-1-200407060-00008; Pittet D. Hand hygiene: improved standards and practice for hospital care. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2003 Aug;16(4):327-35. DOI:10.1097/00001432-200308000-00004; Pittet D, Dharan S, Touveneau S, Sauvan V, Perenger T. Bakterielle Kontamination der Hände des Pflegepersonals. Hyg Med. 2000;25:69-74.; Pittet D. Improving compliance with hand hygiene in hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2000 Jun;21(6):381-6. DOI:10.1086/501777; Pittet D, Dharan S, Touveneau S, Sauvan V, Perneger TV. Bacterial contamination of the hands of hospital staff during routine patient care. Arch Intern Med. 1999 Apr;159(8):821-6. DOI:10.1001/archinte.159.8.821; Pittet D, Boyce JM. Hand hygiene and patient care: pursuing the Semmelweis legacy. Lancet Inf Dis. 2001;1(Suppl):9-20.; Pittet D. Compliance with hand disinfection and its impact on hospital-acquired infections. J Hosp Infect. 2001 Aug;48 Suppl A:S40-6. DOI:10.1016/s0195-6701(01)90012-x; Pittet D, Mourouga P, Perneger TV. Compliance with handwashing in a teaching hospital. Infection Control Program. Ann Intern Med. 1999 Jan;130(2):126-30. DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-130-2-199901190-00006; Pittet D, Allegranzi B, Boyce J; World Health Organization World Alliance for Patient Safety First Global Patient Safety Challenge Core Group of Experts. The World Health Organization Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care and their consensus recommendations. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009 Jul;30(7):611-22. DOI:10.1086/600379; Porteous J. Artificial nails. very real risks. Can Oper Room Nurs J. 2002 Sep;20(3):16-7, 20-1.; Pottinger J, Burns S, Manske C. Bacterial carriage by artificial versus natural nails. Am J Infect Control. 1989 Dec;17(6):340-4. DOI:10.1016/0196-6553(89)90003-5; Poulose V, Punithavathi A, Ali M, Mohamad Assalam F, Phyo KK, Soh A, Tan SH, Li J, Ang WB, Chew A. Improving hand hygiene in a medical ward: a multifaceted approach. BMJ Open Qual. 2022 Apr;11(2):e001659. DOI:10.1136/bmjoq-2021-001659; Rabenau HF, Schwebke I, Blümel J, Eggers M, Glebe D, Rapp I, Sauerbrei A, Steinmann E, Steinmann J, Willkommen H, Wutzler P. Leitlinie der Deutschen Vereinigung zur Bekämpfung der Viruskrankheiten (DVV) e. V. und des Robert Koch-Instituts (RKI) zur Prüfung von chemischen Desinfektionsmitteln auf Wirksamkeit gegen Viren in der Humanmedizin: Fassung vom 1. Dezember 2014 [Guideline of the German Association for the Control of Viral Diseases (DVV) e.V. and the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) for testing chemical disinfectants for effectiveness against viruses in human medicine. Version of 1 December, 2014]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2015 Apr;58(4-5):493-504. DOI:10.1007/s00103-015-2131-8; Rangel-Frausto MS, Houston AK, Bale MJ, Fu C, Wenzel RP. An experimental model for study of Candida survival and transmission in human volunteers. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1994 Jul;13(7):590-5. DOI:10.1007/BF01971311; Raskind CH, Worley S, Vinski J, Goldfarb J. Hand hygiene compliance rates after an educational intervention in a neonatal intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Sep;28(9):1096-8. DOI:10.1086/519933; Rath T, Meissl G. Induction of hyperthyroidism in burn patients treated topically with povidone-iodine. Burns Incl Therm Inj. 1988 Aug;14(4):320-2. DOI:10.1016/0305-4179(88)90074-5; Reber H. Einfluss der Seifenwaschung auf die Keimabgabe durch die Haut. In: Internationales wissenschaftliches Seminar Händedesinfektion. München: Gräfelfing; 1981. (Selecta Symposien-Service).; Redway K, Knights B. Hand Drying: A Study of the Hygiene and Efficiency of Different Hand Drying Methods - Report for the Association of Makers of Soft Tissue Papers, Swindon, UK. London: University of Westminster; 1998.; Redway K, Fawdar S. European Tissue Symposium - A Comparative Study of Three Different Hand Drying Methods: Paper Towel, Warm Air Dryer, Jet Air Dryer. London: University of Westminster; 2008 [Accessed 2023 Sep 18]. Available from: http://www.europeantissue.com/pdfs/090402-2008%20WUS%20Westminster%20University%20hygiene%20study,%20nov2008.pdf; Reith PE, Granner DK. Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis in a women with a multinodular goiter taking levothyroxine. Arch Intern Med. 1985; 145:355-61.; Rheinbaben F, Wolff MH. Handbuch der viruswirksamen Desinfektion. Heidelberg: Springer; 2002.; Rheinbaben F, Steinmann E, Steinmann J. Virusinaktivierung. In: Kramer A, Assadian O, Exner M, Hübner NO, Simon A, Scheithauer S, editors. Krankenhaus- und Praxishygiene. 4. Aufl. München: Elsevier; 2022. pp. 50-6.; Robert Koch-Institut (RKI). Liste der vom Robert Koch-Institut geprüften und anerkannten Desinfektionsmittel und -verfahren : Stand: 31.Oktober 2017 (17. Ausgabe). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2017 Nov;60(11):1274-97. DOI:10.1007/s00103-017-2634-6; Roberts L, Smith W, Jorm L, Patel M, Douglas RM, McGilchrist C. Effect of infection control measures on the frequency of upper respiratory infection in child care: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2000 Apr;105(4 Pt 1):738-42. DOI:10.1542/peds.105.4.738; Roed-Petersen J, Auken G, Hjorth N. Contact sensitivity to Irgasan DP 300. Contact Dermatitis. 1975 Oct;1(5):293-4. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05439.x; Rotter M, Koller W, Wewalka G. Eignung von Chlorhexidinglukonat- und PVP-iod haltigen Präparaten zur Händedesinfektion. Hyg Med. 1981;6:425-30.; Rotter M, Koller W. Effekt der sequentiellen Anwendung von Chlorhexidinseife und einer alkoholischen CHX-Präparation versus Flüssigseife und einer solchen Präparation bei der Chirurgischen Händedesinfektion. Hyg Med. 1990;15(10):437-40.; Rotter M, Wewalka G, Koller W. Einfluss einiger Variablen auf die Ergebnisse von Prüfungen Hygienischer Händedesinfektionsverfahren. Hyg Med. 1982;7:157-66.; Rotter M. Verfahren zur Händehygiene in deutschsprachigen Ländern. Zbl Hyg Umweltmed. 1996;199(2-4):334-49.; Rotter M, Koller W, Wewalka G. Über die Wirksamkeit von PVP-Jod-haltigen Präparaten bei der Händedesinfektion. Hyg Med. 1980;5:553-8.; Rotter M, Koller W, Kundi M. Weitere Untersuchungen zur Wertbestimmung von Verfahren zur Hygienischen Händedesinfektion: Ermittlung eines Vergleichsstandards. Mitt Österr San Verw. 1977;78:170-2.; Rotter M, Koller W, Wewalka G. Povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine gluconate-containing detergents for disinfection of hands. J Hosp Infect. 1980 Jun;1(2):149-58. DOI:10.1016/0195-6701(80)90047-x; Rotter ML, Kramer A. Hygienische Händeantiseptik. In: Kramer A, Gröschel D, Heeg P, Hingst V, Lippert H, Rotter M, Weuffen W, Hrsg. Klinische Antiseptik. Berlin: Springer; 1993. pp.67-82.; Rotter ML, Koller W, Wewalka G, Werner HP, Ayliffe GA, Babb JR. Evaluation of procedures for hygienic hand-disinfection: controlled parallel experiments on the Vienna test model. J Hyg (Lond). 1986 Feb;96(1):27-37. DOI:10.1017/s0022172400062501; Rotter ML, Koller W, Neumann R. The influence of cosmetic additives on the acceptability of alcohol-based hand disinfectants. J Hosp Infect. 1991 Jun;18 Suppl B:57-63. DOI:10.1016/0195-6701(91)90264-9; Rotter ML, Koller W. Test models for hygienic handrub and hygienic handwash: the effects of two different contamination and sampling techniques. J Hosp Infect. 1992 Mar;20(3):163-71. DOI:10.1016/0195-6701(92)90084-y; Rotter ML, Koller W. A European test for the evaluation of the efficacy of procedures for the antiseptic handwash. Hyg Med. 1991;16:4-12.; Ruëff F, Przybilla B. Gemeinsame Leitlinie von DGAI und ÄDA. Soforttyp-Allergie gegen Naturlatex. Allergo J. 1999;8(5):181-2.; Rusin P, Maxwell S, Gerba C. Comparative surface-to-hand and fingertip-to-mouth transfer efficiency of gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and phage. J Appl Microbiol. 2002;93(4):585-92. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01734.x; Ryan MA, Christian RS, Wohlrabe J. Handwashing and respiratory illness among young adults in military training. Am J Prev Med. 2001 Aug;21(2):79-83. DOI:10.1016/s0749-3797(01)00323-3; Saiman L, Lerner A, Saal L, Todd E, Fracaro M, Schneider N, Connell JA, Castellanos A, Scully B, Drusin LM. Banning artificial nails from health care settings. Am J Infect Control. 2002 Jun;30(4):252-4. DOI:10.1067/mic.2002.122102; Sartor C, Jacomo V, Duvivier C, Tissot-Dupont H, Sambuc R, Drancourt M. Nosocomial Serratia marcescens infections associated with extrinsic contamination of a liquid nonmedicated soap. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2000 Mar;21(3):196-9. DOI:10.1086/501743; Sasahara T, Ae R, Watanabe M, Kimura Y, Yonekawa C, Hayashi S, Morisawa Y. Contamination of healthcare workers' hands with bacterial spores. J Infect Chemother. 2016 Aug;22(8):521-5. DOI:10.1016/j.jiac.2016.04.007; Sauermann G, Proske O, Keyhani R, Leneveu MC, Pietsch H, Rohde B. Hautverträglichkeit von Sterillium und Hibiscrub in einer klinischen Vergleichsstudie. Hyg Med. 1995;20:184-9.; Saveanu CI, Anistoroaei D, Todireasa S, Saveanu AE, Bobu LI, Bamboi I, Boronia O, Balcos C. Evaluation of the Efficiency of Hand Hygiene Technique with Hydroalcoholic Solution by Image Color Summarize. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Aug;58(8):. DOI:10.3390/medicina58081108; Sax H, Uçkay I, Richet H, Allegranzi B, Pittet D. Determinants of good adherence to hand hygiene among healthcare workers who have extensive exposure to hand hygiene campaigns. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Nov;28(11):1267-74. DOI:10.1086/521663; Schamberger J. Sporozide Wirksamkeit von 2 Peressigsäure-basierten Desinfektionsmitteln im Modell der hygienischen Händedesinfektion [Dissertation]. Greifswald: Universität Greifswald; 2009.; Scheithauer S, Haefner H, Schwanz T, Schulze-Steinen H, Schiefer J, Koch A, Engels A, Lemmen SW. Compliance with hand hygiene on surgical, medical, and neurologic intensive care units: direct observation versus calculated disinfectant usage. Am J Infect Control. 2009 Dec;37(10):835-41. DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2009.06.005; Schmidt T, Kramer A. Einfluss von Textil- und Papierhandtuch auf Hautparameter und Beziehungen zur Akzeptanz in einem Modellversuch und in der Praxis. Hyg Med. 1996;21: 393-411.; Schmidt-Bleker A, Winter J, Weltmann KD, Bendt H. Disinfection process using an active disinfecting substance formed in situ by reacting H202 and N02. WO 2019/219220 A1.; Schnuch A. Benzalkoniumchlorid. Dermatosen. 1997;45(4):179-80.; Schulz F, Schifferdecker E, Althoff PH. Iodinduzierte hyperthyreote Krisen. Fortschr Med. 1987;105:48-51.; Schumm-Draeger PM. Iodinduzierte Hyperthyreose. In: Reinwein D, Weinheimer B, editors. Schilddrüse 93, Therapie der Hyperthyreose. Berlin: de Gruyter; 1994. pp. 332-40.; Schürmann W, Eggers HJ. Antiviral activity of an alcoholic hand disinfectant. Comparison of the in vitro suspension test with in vivo experiments on hands, and on individual fingertips. Antiviral Res. 1983 Mar;3(1):25-41. DOI:10.1016/0166-3542(83)90012-8; Schwebke I, Arvand M, Eggers M, Gebel J, Geisel B, Rapp I, Steinmann J, Rabenau HF. Empfehlung zur Auswahl viruzider Desinfektionsmittel - eine neue Stellungnahme des Arbeitskreises Viruzidie beim RKI. 2016 [Accessed 2023 Sep 18]. Available from: http://www.krankenhaushygiene.de/referate/d13b4982da4e67a8f40f1d8c674171ed.pdf; Scientific Comittee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). The SCCS's notes of guidance for the testing of cosmetic substances and their safety evaluation, 11th Revision. 2021 [Accessed 2023 Sep 18]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/default/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_250.pdf; Scott E, Bloomfield SF. The survival and transfer of microbial contamination via cloths, hands and utensils. J Appl Bacteriol. 1990 Mar;68(3):271-8. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb02574.x; Semmelweis IF. Die Aetiologie, der Begriff und die Prophylaxis des Kindbettfiebers. New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation; 1966.; Senol G, Cakan A, Özacar R. Bacterial colonization of bar soaps and liquid soaps in hospital environments. Near East Med J. 2011;1(2):53-9.; Sjösten AC, Ellis H, Edelstam GA. Retrograde migration of glove powder in the human female genital tract. Hum Reprod. 2004 Apr;19(4):991-5. DOI:10.1093/humrep/deh156; Skopp G, Gutmann I, Schwarz CS, Schmitt G. An unnatural death by propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol. Int J Legal Med. 2016 Jul;130(4):975-80. DOI:10.1007/s00414-015-1302-3; Smedley J, Williams S, Peel P, Pedersen K; Dermatitis Guideline Development Group. Management of occupational dermatitis in healthcare workers: a systematic review. Occup Environ Med. 2012 Apr;69(4):276-9. DOI:10.1136/oemed-2011-100315; Smith A, Carusone SC, Loeb M. Hand hygiene practices of health care workers in long-term care facilities. Am J Infect Control. 2008 Sep;36(7):492-4. DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2007.11.003; Snelling AM, Saville T, Stevens D, Beggs CB. Comparative evaluation of the hygienic efficacy of an ultra-rapid hand dryer vs conventional warm air hand dryers. J Appl Microbiol. 2011 Jan;110(1):19-26. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04838.x; Spainhour S. Serratia marcescens outbreak associated with extrinsic contamination of 1% chloroxylenol soap. Inf Contr Hosp Epidemiol. 1998;19(7):476.; Srigley JA, Furness CD, Baker GR, Gardam M. Quantification of the Hawthorne effect in hand hygiene compliance monitoring using an electronic monitoring system: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Qual Saf. 2014 Dec;23(12):974-80. DOI:10.1136/bmjqs-2014-003080; Stahmeyer JT, Lutze B, von Lengerke T, Chaberny IF, Krauth C. Hand hygiene in intensive care units: a matter of time? J Hosp Infect. 2017 Apr;95(4):338-43. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2017.01.011; Staiger C. Comfrey root: from tradition to modern clinical trials. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2013 Feb;163(3-4):58-64. DOI:10.1007/s10354-012-0162-4; Steinkjer B, Braathen LR. Contact dermatitis from triclosan (Irgasan DP 300). Contact Dermatitis. 1988 Apr;18(4):243-4. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02815.x; Steinmann J, Nehrkorn R, Meyer A, Becker K. Two in-vivo protocols for testing virucidal efficacy of handwashing and hand disinfection. Zbl Hyg Umweltmed. 1965;196(5):425-36.; Steinmann J, Nehrkorn R, Losche E, Sasse E, Bogumil-Puchert B. Viruswirksamkeit der hygienischen Händedesinfektion. Hyg Med. 1990;15:7-14.; Steinmann J, Paulmann D, Becker B, Bischoff B, Steinmann E, Steinmann J. Comparison of virucidal activity of alcohol-based hand sanitizers versus antimicrobial hand soaps in vitro and in vivo. J Hosp Infect. 2012 Dec;82(4):277-80. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2012.08.005; Stingeni L, Lapomarda V, Lisi P. Occupational hand dermatitis in hospital environments. Contact Dermatitis. 1995 Sep;33(3):172-6. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00540.x; Stutz NC. Wahrnehmung von Handhygienemaßnahmen durch Pflegepersonal: alkoholische Händedesinfektion versus hygienische Händewaschung - eine Multicenterfragebogenstudie mit anschließender Epikutantestung [Dissertation]. Marburg: Universität Marburg; 2008.; Suchomel M, Leslie RA, Parker AE, Macinga DR. How long is enough? Identification of product dry-time as a primary driver of alcohol-based hand rub efficacy. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018;7:65. DOI:10.1186/s13756-018-0357-6; Suchomel M, Eggers M, Maier S, Kramer A, Dancer SJ, Pittet D. Evaluation of World Health Organization-Recommended Hand Hygiene Formulations. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Sep;26(9):2064-8. DOI:10.3201/eid2609.201761; Suresh G, Cahill J. How "user friendly" is the hospital for practicing hand hygiene? An ergonomic evaluation. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2007 Mar;33(3):171-9. DOI:10.1016/s1553-7250(07)33020-1; Symanzik C, Skudlik C, John SM. Acceptance of skin products in healthcare workers: an empirical investigation. Occup Med (Lond). 2023 Feb;73(1):29-32. DOI:10.1093/occmed/kqac046; Takahashi H, Kramer MH, Yasui Y, Fujii H, Nakase K, Ikeda K, Imai T, Okazawa A, Tanaka T, Ohyama T, Okabe N. Nosocomial Serratia marcescens outbreak in Osaka, Japan, from 1999 to 2000. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004 Feb;25(2):156-61. DOI:10.1086/502367; Tandukar M, Oh S, Tezel U, Konstantinidis KT, Pavlostathis SG. Long-term exposure to benzalkonium chloride disinfectants results in change of microbial community structure and increased antimicrobial resistance. Environ Sci Technol. 2013 Sep;47(17):9730-8. DOI:10.1021/es401507k; Tasar R, Wiegand C, Elsner P. How irritant are n-propanol and isopropanol? - A systematic review. Contact Dermatitis. 2021 Jan;84(1):1-14. DOI:10.1111/cod.13722; Taylor LJ. An evaluation of handwashing techniques-2. Nurs times. 1978;74(3):108-10.; Tazzioli J, Macguire-Flanagan A, Vincet C, Patel T, Hwakins S, Qualls A, Moaddel T, Frey G, Hunag L. Novel high-emollient hand sanitizer improves skin condition without compromising antiseptic efficacy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;(85):suppl.; Tenorio AR, Badri SM, Sahgal NB, Hota B, Matushek M, Hayden MK, Trenholme GM, Weinstein RA. Effectiveness of gloves in the prevention of hand carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus species by health care workers after patient care. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Mar;32(5):826-9. DOI:10.1086/319214; Thomas S, Agarwal M, Mehta G. Intraoperative glove perforation--single versus double gloving in protection against skin contamination. Postgrad Med J. 2001 Jul;77(909):458-60. DOI:10.1136/pmj.77.909.458; Toles A. Artificial nails: are they putting patients at risk? A review of the research. J Ped Oncol Nurs. 2002;19(5):164-71.; Trautmann M, Notburga P, Bobic R. Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsleistung eines Aufbereitungsprogramms für die routinemäßige Reinigung von Dosierspendern im Krankenhaus. Hyg Med. 2013;38(11):468-47.; Trick WE, Vernon MO, Hayes RA, Nathan C, Rice TW, Peterson BJ, Segreti J, Welbel SF, Solomon SL, Weinstein RA. Impact of ring wearing on hand contamination and comparison of hand hygiene agents in a hospital. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Jun;36(11):1383-90. DOI:10.1086/374852; Trick WE, Vernon MO, Welbel SF, Demarais P, Hayden MK, Weinstein RA; Chicago Antimicrobial Resistance Project. Multicenter intervention program to increase adherence to hand hygiene recommendations and glove use and to reduce the incidence of antimicrobial resistance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Jan;28(1):42-9. DOI:10.1086/510809; Usadel KH. Zur Problematik der jodinduzierten Hyperthyreose [Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism]. Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1985;365(2):75-8. DOI:10.1007/BF01261134; Uter W, Geier J, Lessmann H, Schnuch A. Inhaltsstoffe von Hautschutz-und -pflegemitteln aus allergologischer Sicht. Analyse von IVDK-Daten und Literaturübersicht. Dermatol Beruf Umwelt. 2005;53:172-82.; Verbund für Angewandte Hygiene (VAH). Anforderungen und Methoden zur VAH-Zertifizierung chemischer Desinfektionsverfahren. Wiesbaden: mhp; 2020.; Veronesi S, de Padova MP, Vanni D, Melino M. Contact dermatitis to triclosan. Contact Dermatitis. 1986 Oct;15(4):257-8. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1986.tb01359.x; Visscher M, Davis J, Wickett R. Effect of topical treatments on irritant hand dermatitis in health care workers. Am J Infect Control. 2009 Dec;37(10):842.e1-842.e11. DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2009.05.004; Vos MC, Memish ZA. The Healthcare Worker as a Source of Transmission. Chapter 11: Guide to Infection Control in the Hospital. Boston, MA: International Society for Infectious Diseases. Last updated April 2018 [Accessed 2023 Sep 18]. Available from: https://isid.org/guide/infectionprevention/healthcare-workers/; Voss A, Widmer AF. No time for handwashing!? Handwashing versus alcoholic rub: can we afford 100% compliance? Inf Contr Hosp Epidemiol. 1997;18(3):205-8.; van der Mee-Marquet N, Bloc D, Briand L, Besnier JM, Quentin R. Non-touch fittings in hospitals: a procedure to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa contamination. J Hosp Infect. 2005 Jul;60(3):235-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2004.11.023; van Saene HK, van Putte JC, van Saene JJ, van de Gronde TW, van Warmerdam EG. Sink flora in a long-stay hospital is determined by the patients' oral and rectal flora. Epidemiol Infect. 1989 Apr;102(2):231-8. DOI:10.1017/s0950268800029903; von Lengerke T, Ebadi E, Schock B, Krauth C, Lange K, Stahmeyer JT, Chaberny IF. Impact of psychologically tailored hand hygiene interventions on nosocomial infections with multidrug-resistant organisms: results of the cluster-randomized controlled trial PSYGIENE. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019;8:56. DOI:10.1186/s13756-019-0507-5; Wahlberg JE. Routine patch testing with Irgasan DP 300. Contact Dermatitis. 1976 Oct;2(5):292. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1976.tb03058.x; Ward RL, Bernstein DI, Knowlton DR, Sherwood JR, Young EC, Cusack TM, Rubino JR, Schiff GM. Prevention of surface-to-human transmission of rotaviruses by treatment with disinfectant spray. J Clin Microbiol. 1991 Sep;29(9):1991-6. DOI:10.1128/jcm.29.9.1991-1996.1991; Warner RR, Stone KJ, Boissy YL. Hydration disrupts human stratum corneum ultrastructure. J Invest Dermatol. 2003 Feb;120(2):275-84. DOI:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12046.x; Warren-Gash C, Fragaszy E, Hayward AC. Hand hygiene to reduce community transmission of influenza and acute respiratory tract infection: a systematic review. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013 Sep;7(5):738-49. DOI:10.1111/irv.12015; Weber DJ, Rutala WA, Sickbert-Bennett EE. Outbreaks associated with contaminated antiseptics and disinfectants. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Dec;51(12):4217-24. DOI:10.1128/AAC.00138-07; Weber DJ, Sickbert-Bennett E, Gergen MF, Rutala WA. Efficacy of selected hand hygiene agents used to remove Bacillus atrophaeus (a surrogate of Bacillus anthracis) from contaminated hands. JAMA. 2003 Mar;289(10):1274-7. DOI:10.1001/jama.289.10.1274; Weber DJ, Rutala WA, Miller MB, Huslage K, Sickbert-Bennett E. Role of hospital surfaces in the transmission of emerging health care-associated pathogens: norovirus, Clostridium difficile, and Acinetobacter species. Am J Infect Control. 2010 Jun;38(5 Suppl 1):S25-33. DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2010.04.196; Weinberg DL. Acne therapie: Neutrogena hand cream as an aid to topical treatment. Cutis. 1977;20:141-3.; Weisshaar E, Radulescu M, Bock M, Albrecht U, Zimmermann E, Diepgen TL. Hautschutzseminare zur sekundären Individual- prävention bei Beschäftigten in Gesundheitsberufen: erste Ergebnisse nach uber 2jähriger Durchführung [Skin protection and skin disease prevention courses for secondary prevention in health care workers: first results after two years of implementation]. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2005 Jan;3(1):33-8. DOI:10.1046/j.1439-0353.2005.04798.x; Weuffen W, Kramer A, Gröschel D, Pernice M, Berencsi G, Kemter B, et al. Terminology of Antisepsis and of Areas of the Antimicrobial Regimen which are important for the Practise of Antisepsis. In: Weuffen W, Gröschel D, Kramer A, editors. Handbuch der Antiseptik, Bd. I, Grundlagen der Antiseptik, Teil 1, Begriffsbestimmung der Antiseptik. Stuttgart, New York: Fischer; 1981. p. 71-113.; Weuffen W, Berling H, Hetmanek R. Verwendung von Äthanol für Desinfektionszwecke. In: Weuffen W, Oberdoerster F, Kramer A, Hrsg. Krankenhaushygiene. 2. Aufl. Leipzig: Barth; 1998. pp. 518-19.; Wewalka G, Rotter M, Koller W, Stanek G. Wirkungsbereich von 14 Verfahren zur Hygienischen Händedesinfektion. Zbl Bakteriol Hyg I Abt Orig. 1977;B165:242-9.; WHO. WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care - Apendix Hand and skin self-assessment tool. Geneva: WHO; 2009.; WHO; ICCIDD. Assessment of the iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination. Geneva;2001.; Whitby M, Pessoa-Silva CL, McLaws ML, Allegranzi B, Sax H, Larson E, Seto WH, Donaldson L, Pittet D. Behavioural considerations for hand hygiene practices: the basic building blocks. J Hosp Infect. 2007 Jan;65(1):1-8. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2006.09.026; White CM, Statile AM, Conway PH, Schoettker PJ, Solan LG, Unaka NI, Vidwan N, Warrick SD, Yau C, Connelly BL. Utilizing improvement science methods to improve physician compliance with proper hand hygiene. Pediatrics. 2012 Apr;129(4):e1042-50. DOI:10.1542/peds.2011-1864; Widmer AF, Conzelmann M, Tomic M, Frei R, Stranden AM. Introducing alcohol-based hand rub for hand hygiene: the critical need for training. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Jan;28(1):50-4. DOI:10.1086/510788; Widodo H, Sesaria TG, Maulana MR, Myint NM M. Effectiveness of surgical hand washing with chlorhexidine, providone iodine and alcohol on reducing the microorganisms on the hands: a systematic review. J NERS. 2019;14(3si):112-5.; Widulle H, Kramer A, Reichwagen S, Heldt P. Quaternäre Ammoniumverbindungen. In: Kramer A, Assadian O, editors. Wallhäußers Praxis der Sterilisation, Desinfektion, Antiseptik und Konservierung. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2008. pp. 772-86.; Willmott M, Nicholson A, Busse H, MacArthur GJ, Brookes S, Campbell R. Effectiveness of hand hygiene interventions in reducing illness absence among children in educational settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child. 2016 Jan;101(1):42-50. DOI:10.1136/archdischild-2015-308875; Winnefeld M, Richard MA, Drancourt M, Grob JJ. Skin tolerance and effectiveness of two hand decontamination procedures in everyday hospital use. Br J Dermatol. 2000 Sep;143(3):546-50. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2000.03708.x; Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Aktion Saubere Hände. Positionspapier "Einwirkzeit von Händedesinfektionsmittel". 2020 Jun 01 [Accessed 2023 Sep 18]. Available from: https://www.aktion-sauberehaende.de/fileadmin/ash/user_upload/pdf/Positionspapiere/ASH_Positionspapier_15_Sekunden_01072020.pdf; Wong CS, Beck MH. Allergic contact dermatitis from triclosan in antibacterial handwashes. Contact Dermatitis. 2001 Nov;45(5):307. DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.450517.x; Wong SC, Chau PH, So SY, Lam GK, Chan VW, Yuen LL, Au Yeung CH, Chen JH, Ho PL, Yuen KY, Cheng VC. Control of Healthcare-Associated Carbapenem-Resistant by Enhancement of Infection Control Measures. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Aug;11(8):. DOI:10.3390/antibiotics11081076; World Health Organization; WHO Patient Safety. WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care. Geneva: WHO; 2009. pp.1-259.; Wu KS, Lee SS, Chen JK, Tsai HC, Li CH, Chao HL, Chou HC, Chen YJ, Ke CM, Huang YH, Sy CL, Tseng YT, Chen YS. Hand hygiene among patients: attitudes, perceptions, and willingness to participate. Am J Infect Control. 2013 Apr;41(4):327-31. DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2012.03.033; Wulfhorst B, John SM; Bundesverband der Unfallkassen und BGW. Hautkrankheiten und Hautschutz - Für Unternehmer, Beschäftigte, Betriebsärzte, Sicherheitsfachkräfte, Betriebs- und Personalräte, GUV-I 8559. München; 2007.; Wutzler P, Sauerbrei A. Virucidal efficacy of a combination of 0.2% peracetic acid and 80% (v/v) ethanol (PAA-ethanol) as a potential hand disinfectant. J Hosp Infect. 2000 Dec;46(4):304-8. DOI:10.1053/jhin.2000.0850; Wysocki AB. Evaluating and managing open skin wounds: colonization versus infection. AACN Clin Issues. 2002 Aug;13(3):382-97. DOI:10.1097/00044067-200208000-00005; Yamamoto Y, Ugai K, Takahashi Y. Efficiency of hand drying for removing bacteria from washed hands: comparison of paper towel drying with warm air drying. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2005 Mar;26(3):316-20. DOI:10.1086/502546; Yapicioglu H, Gokmen TG, Yildizdas D, Koksal F, Ozlu F, Kale-Cekinmez E, Mert K, Mutlu B, Satar M, Narli N, Candevir A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections due to electronic faucets in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012 May;48(5):430-4. DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2011.02248.x; Ying Q, Qun L, Qinzhong L, Mingliang C, Hong C, Ni Z. Investigation and control of a suspected nosocomial outbreak of pan-drug resistant in an intensive care unit. Open Med (Wars). 2016;11(1):587-92. DOI:10.1515/med-2016-0096; Zabel R, Strohbach L. Untersuchungen zur Erhöhung der Hautbelastbarkeit gegenüber Desinfektionsmitteln durch Benutzung einer Wirkstoffkonzentration (sog. Skin Liquid Conditioner) mit Thiocyanat und Allantoin [Dissertation]. Greifswald: Universität Greifswald; 1994.; Zapka CA, Campbell EJ, Maxwell SL, Gerba CP, Dolan MJ, Arbogast JW, Macinga DR. Bacterial hand contamination and transfer after use of contaminated bulk-soap-refillable dispensers. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 May;77(9):2898-904. DOI:10.1128/AEM.02632-10; Zeiny SHM. Isolation of some microorganisms from bar soaps and liquid soaps in hospital environments. Iraqi J Pharm Sci. 2009;18(1):28-32.; Zwicker P, Meng M, Friesecke S, Stein T, Herzog A, Herzer C, Kammerlander M, Gebhardt T, Kugler C, Kramer A. An interactive feedback system for increasing hand antisepsis adherence in stationary intensive care. J Hosp Infect. 2023 Mar;133:73-80. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2022.12.017; http://dx.doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000497; http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0183-dgkh0004975; http://www.egms.de/en/journals/dgkh/2024-19/dgkh000497.shtml
-
2Academic Journal
المؤلفون: Brändli, Sebastian
مصطلحات موضوعية: 790 Freizetgestaltung, darstellende Künste, Sport, Hamol AG (Zürich), Zürich-Wollishofen, Sonnenbad, Hautpflege
وصف الملف: application/pdf
Relation: Wollishofer Blog; https://www.wollipedia.ch/post/hamole; https://zop.zb.uzh.ch/handle/123456789/608; https://doi.org/10.20384/zop-590
-
3Dissertation/ Thesis
المؤلفون: Heichel, Theres
المساهمون: Prof. Dr. Swen Malte John, Prof. Dr. Nana Schürer
مصطلحات موضوعية: Berufsdermatologie, Dermatologie, Baumwolle, Sympatex, Handschuhe, Komforthandschuhe, Unterziehhandschuhe, Semipermeabel, Prävention, Berufsdermatosen, Kontaktdermatosen, Hautschutz, Hautpflege, Textil, Handekzem, occupational dermatoses, comfort gloves, glove liner, prevention, cotton, occupational skin diseases, 44.93 - Dermatologie, ddc:610
وصف الملف: application/pdf
Relation: https://doi.org/10.48693/442; https://osnadocs.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/bitstream/ds-2023121310179/6/thesis_heichel.pdf
-
4Academic Journal
المؤلفون: Sill, Janna, Kottner, Jan, Balzer, Katrin
المصدر: http://lobid.org/resources/99370709016606441#!, 36(5):286-295.
مصطلحات موضوعية: Pflegeheime, Klinische Entscheidungsfindung, Clinical Decision-Making, Skin Care [MeSH], Humans [MeSH], Long-Term Care [MeSH], Evidenzbasierte Pflege, Hautpflege, Nurses [MeSH], Originalarbeit, Nursing Homes [MeSH], Qualitative Research [MeSH], Pilot Projects [MeSH], Evidence-based Nursing, Nursing homes, Qualitative Forschung, Qualitative Research, Skin Care
Relation: https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6476543; https://doi.org/10.1024/1012-5302/a000882
-
5Dissertation/ Thesis
المؤلفون: Seibel, Arved Konstantin
مصطلحات موضوعية: Social Media, Dermatitis, Hautpflege, Ekel, Neugier
وصف الملف: Blätter; text/html
Relation: vignette : https://unipub.uni-graz.at/titlepage/urn/urn:nbn:at:at-ubg:1-184204/128; urn:nbn:at:at-ubg:1-184204; https://resolver.obvsg.at/urn:nbn:at:at-ubg:1-184204; local:99147122509903331; system:AC16726243
-
6Report
المؤلفون: Hans Klingel, Ute Klingel
المساهمون: Kompetenzzentrum für nicht-textuelle Materialien
مصطلحات موضوعية: Staubbad, fighting games / Perissodactyla, Mammalia - Säugetiere, play-fighting / Perissodactyla, skin care, social behaviour / Perissodactyla, Kampfspiele / Perissodactyla, Equus quagga, Kopulation / Perissodactyla, Perissodactyla - Unpaarhufer, zoology, Spielen / Perissodactyla, mammalia - mammals, Körperpflege / Mammalia, Plains zebra, dust bath, copulation / Perissodactyla, Paarung / Perissodactyla, Zoologie, playing / Perissodactyla, vertebrata - vertebrates, Hautpflege, Vertebrata - Wirbeltiere, courtship / Perissodactyla, biology, Grüßen / Mammalia, zebra / Plains zebra, ethology, morphology, Zebra / Steppenzebra
Relation: https://av.tib.eu/media/18416
الاتاحة: https://av.tib.eu/media/18416
-
7Academic Journal
المؤلفون: Große-Schütte, K, Assadian, O, Hübner, NO, Löffler, H, Kramer, A
المصدر: GMS Krankenhaushygiene Interdisziplinär; VOL: 6; DOC08 /20111215/
مصطلحات موضوعية: skin care, skin protection, intensive care nurses, Hautpflege, Hautschutz, Pflegekräfte in der Intensivpflege, ddc: 610
Relation: Berndt U, Wigger-Alberti W, Gabard B, Elsner P. Efficacy of a barrier cream and its vehicle as protective measures against occupational irritant contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 2000;42(2):77-80. DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2000.042002077.x; Cormick RD, Buchman TL, Maki DG. Double-blind, randomized trial of scheduled use of a novel barrier cream and an oil-containing lotion for protecting the hands of health care workers. Am J Infect Control. 2000;28(4):302-10. DOI:10.1067/mic.2000.107425; Hübner NO, Große-Schütte K, Assadian O, Löffler H, Kramer A. The effects of skin protection cream on the effectiveness of hygienic hand disinfection and the implications for practicing hand disinfection. BMC Inf Dis. (submitted).; Lampel HP, Patel N, Boyse K, O'Brien SH, Zirwas MJ. Prevalence of hand dermatitis in inpatient nurses at a United States hospital. Dermatitis. 2007;18(3):140-2. DOI:10.2310/6620.2007.06024; Larson E, Friedman C, Cohran J, Treston-Aurand J, Green S. Prevalence and correlates of skin damage on the hands of nurses. Heart Lung. 1997;26(5):404-12. DOI:10.1016/S0147-9563(97)90027-3; Lewis-Byers K, Thayer D. An evaluation of two incontinence skin care protocols in a long-term care setting. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2002;48(12):44-51.; Löffler H, Bruckner T, Diepgen T, Effendy I. Primary prevention in health care employees: a prospective intervention study with a 3-year training period. Contact Dermatitis. 2006;54(4):202-9. DOI:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00825.x; Löffler H, Kampf G, Schmermund D, Maibach HI. How irritant is alcohol? Br J Dermatol. 2007;157(1):74-81. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07944.x; Löffler H, Effendy I. Prevention of irritant contact dermatitis. Eur J Dermatol. 2002;12(1):4-9.; Löffler H, Effendy I, Happle R. Die irritative Kontaktdermatitis [Irritant contact dermatitis]. Hautarzt. 2000;51(3):203-15. DOI:10.1007/s001050051023; Löffler H, Dickel H, Bruckner T, Effendy I, Happle R. Skin changes in geriatric nurses prior to training heralding a particular risk of hand dermatitis. Eur J Dermatol. 2002;12(5):452-4.; Pedersen LK, Held E, Johansen JD, Agner T. Less skin irritation from alcohol-based disinfectant than from detergent used for hand disinfection. Br J Dermatol. 2005;153(6):1142-6. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06875.x; Pedersen LK, Held E, Johansen JD, Agner T. Short-term effects of alcohol-based disinfectant and detergent on skin irritation. Contact Dermatitis. 2005;52(2):82-7. DOI:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00504.x; Schürer NY, Klippel U, Schwanitz HJ. Secondary individual prevention of hand dermatitis in geriatric nurses. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2005;78(2):149-57. DOI:10.1007/s00420-004-0588-0; Schwanitz HJ, Uter W. Interdigital dermatitis: sentinel skin damage in hairdressers. Br J Dermatol. 2000;142(5):1011-2. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03487.x; Slotosch CM, Kampf G, Löffler H. Effects of disinfectants and detergents on skin irritation. Contact Dermatitis. 2007;57(4):235-41. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01200.x; Smit HA, Coenraads PJ, Lavrijsen AP, Nater JP. Evaluation of a self-administered questionnaire on hand dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 1992;26(1):11-6. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00861.x; Smith DR, Choe MA, Jeong JS, An GJ, Chae YR, Jeon MY. Hand dermatitis among Korean nursing students. Int J Nurs Pract. 2006;12(3):160-5. DOI:10.1111/j.1440-172X.2006.00564.x; Smith DR, Leggat PA. Hand dermatitis among female nursing students in tropical Australia. Nurs Health Sci. 2004;6(2):109-13. DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2018.2004.00181.x; Stingeni L, Lapomarda V, Lisi P. Occupational hand dermatitis in hospital environments. Contact Dermatitis. 1995;33(3):172-6. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00540.x; Szepietowski JC, Salomon J. Hand dermatitis among nurses: the reasons and consequencies. Contact Dermatitis. 2006;54(2):129-30. DOI:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00568.x; Teichmann A, Jacobi U, Waibler E, Sterry W, Lademann J. An in vivo model to evaluate the efficacy of barrier creams on the level of skin penetration of chemicals. Contact Dermatitis. 2006;54(1):5-13. DOI:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00749.x; Weisshaar E, Radulescu M, Bock M, Albrecht U, Zimmermann E, Diepgen TL. Hautschutzseminare zur sekundaren Individual- prävention bei Beschäftigten in Gesundheitsberufen: erste Ergebnisse nach über 2-jähriger Durchführung [Skin protection and skin disease prevention courses for secondary prevention in health care workers: first results after two years of implementation]. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2005;3(1):33-8. DOI:10.1046/j.1439-0353.2005.04798.x; Zhai H, Maibach HI. Barrier creams - skin protectants: can you protect skin? J Cosmet Dermatol. 2002;1(1):20-3.; zur Mühlen A, Klotz A, Allef P, Weimans S, Veeger M, Thörner B, Eichler JO. Using skin models to assess the effects of a pre-work cream. Methodological aspects and perspective of the industry. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2007;34:19-32. DOI:10.1159/000099601; http://dx.doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000165; http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0183-dgkh0001651; http://www.egms.de/en/journals/dgkh/2011-6/dgkh000165.shtml
-
8Academic Journal
المؤلفون: Gerber, V
المصدر: GMS Krankenhaushygiene Interdisziplinär; VOL: 1; DOC04 /20060830/
مصطلحات موضوعية: Inkontinenz, Hautschutz, Hautpflege, Fallbeispiele, ddc: 610
-
9Academic Journal
المؤلفون: Kramer, A
المصدر: GMS Krankenhaushygiene Interdisziplinär; VOL: 1; DOC14 /20060830/
مصطلحات موضوعية: hygienische Händedesinfektion, Indikationen, Wirksamkeit, Einreibetechnik, Handschuhwechsel, Hautpflege, Hautschutz, ddc: 610
Relation: Berndt U, Wigger-Alberti W, Gabard B, Elsner P. Vergleich einer Hautschutzcreme und ihrer Grundlage bezüglich Wirksamkeit gegen das beurfsbedingte irritative Handekzem bei Krankenschwestern. Dermatol Beruf Umwelt. 2001;49:77-80.; Bottermann P. Iodinduzierte Hyperthyreose. Med Klin. 1986;81:753-7.; Bourdoux PP, Ermans AM, Mukalay A, Mukalay WA, Filetti S, Vigneri R. Iodine induced thyrotoxicosis in Kivu, Zaire. Lancet. 1996;347:552-3.; Boyce JM. Hautverträglichkeit. In: Kampf G, Hrsg. Hände-Hygiene im Gesundheitswesen. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer; 2003. p. 175-92.; Böckers M, Klee W, Bräuninger W, Bork K. Das Hyperthyreoserisiko durch Lokaltherapie mit PVP-Iod. Akt Dermatol. 1986;12:155-7.; Brauer VF, Brauer WH, Führer D, Paschke R. Iodine nutrition, nodular thyroid disease and urinary iodine excretion in a German university study population. Thyroid. 2005;15:364-70.; Braverman LE. Iodine and the thyroid: 33 years of study. Thyroid. 1994;4:351-6.; EN 1500. Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics -hygienic hand rub: test method and requirements (phase 2, step2). 1997.; Fluhr JW, Gloor M, Lehmann L, Lazzerini S, Distante F, Baradesca E. Glycerol accelerates recovery of barrier function in vivo. Acta Derm Venerol. 1999;79:418-21.; Forrester BG, Roth VS. Hand dermatitis in intensiv care units. J Occupat Environ Med. 1998;40:881-5.; Friederich N, Müller W. Massive Iodresorption nach Gelenk-Spül-Saugdrainage mit PVP-Iod (Betadine). Unfallchir. 1992;85:74-80.; Frosch PJ, Korte A. Efficacy of skin barrier creams (IV). The repetitive irritation test (RIT) with a set of 4 standard irritants. Contact Dermatitis. 1994;31:161-8.; Gehring W. Das stratum corneum in vitro - ein Modell zur Entwicklung von Hautschutzpräparaten mit entquellenden Eigenschaften auf die Hornschicht. Dermatol Beruf Umwelt. 2004;52:139-45.; Görtz G, Häring R, Henkel M, Meinhold H. Die Schilddrüsenfunktion nach Peritoneallavage mit PVP-Iodlösung bei diffuser Peritonitis. Zbl Chir. 1984;109:319-30.; Herrmann J. Risiko, Prävention und Therapie der iodinduzierten Hyperthyreose und thyreotoxischen Krise. Tägl Pr. 1995;36:279-86.; Herrmann J, Krüskemper HL. Gefährdung von Patienten mit latenter und manifester Hyperthyreose durch iodhaltige Röntgenkontrastmittel und Medikamente. Dtsch med Wschr. 1978;203:1434-43.; Kampf G, Kramer A. Epidemiologic background of hand hygiene and evaluation of the most important agents for scrubs and rubs. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004;17:863-93.; Kampf G, Grotheer D, Steinmann J. Efficacy of three ethanol-based hand rubs against feline calicivirus (FCV), a surrogate for norovirus. J Hosp Infect. 2005;60:144-9.; Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention am Robert Koch-Institut. Händehygiene. BGBl Gesundheitsforsch - Gesundheitssch. 2000;43:230-3.; Kramer A, Galabov AS, Sattar SA, Döhner L, Pivert A, Payan C, Wolff MH, Yilmaz A, Steinmann J. Virucidal activity of a new hand disinfectant with reduced ethanol content: comparison with other alcohol-based formulations. J Hosp Inf. 2006.; Kramer A. Antiseptika und Händedesinfektionsmittel. In: Korting HC, Sterry W, Hrsg. Therapeutische Verfahren in der Dermatologie - Dermatika und Kosmetika. Berlin, Wien: Blackwell Wissenschaft; 2001. p. 273-94.; Kramer A, Adrian V, Rudolph P, Wurster S, Lippert H. Explantationstest mit Haut und Peritoneum der neonatalen Ratte als Vorraussagetest zur Verträglichkeit lokaler Antiinfektiva für Wunden und Körperhöhlen. Chirurg. 1998;69:840-5.; Kramer A, Rudolph P, Kampf G, Pittet D. Limited efficacy of alcohol-based hand gels. Lancet. 2002;359:1489-90.; Kramer A, Mersch-Sundermann, Gerdes H, Pitten F-A, Tronnier H. Toxikologische Bewertung für die Händedesinfektion relevanter antimikrobieller Wirkstoffe. In: Kampf G, Hrsg. Hände-Hygiene im Gesundheitswesen. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer; 2003. p. 105-60.; Lammers T. Zur Prüfung der Händedesinfektion. Hyg Med. 1978;3:316-8.; Manz F, Bohmer T, Gartner R, Grossklaus R, Klett M, Schneider R. Quantification of iodine supply: representative data on intake and urinary excretion of iodine from the German population in 1996. Ann Nutr Metab. 2002;46:128-38.; Mäkela P. Gesunde Haut als Voraussetzung für eine effektive Händedesinfektion. In: Kramer A, Gröschel D, Heeg P, Hingst V, Lippert H, Rotter M, Weuffen W, Hrsg. Klinische Antiseptik. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer; 1993. p. 97-103.; Merck Schuchardt. Sicherheitsdatenblatt Alkylbenzyldimethylammoniumchlorid, Ethanol, Ethylenglycolmonophenylether, 1-Propanol, 2-Propanol. 02.2001 aus CD-ROM 2001/1D. 2001.; Nicolai P, Aldam CH, Allen PW. Increased awareness of glove perforation in major joint replacement. A prospective, randomised study of Regent Biogel Reveal gloves. J Bone Joint Surg. 1997;79:371-3.; Nolte W, Müller R, Hüfner M. Die Behandlung iodinduzierter Hyperthyreosen. Med Klin. 1995;90:246-53.; Passaro DJ, Waring L, Armstrong R, Bolding F, Bouvier B, Rosenberg J, Reingold AW, McQuitty M, Philpott SM, Jarvis WR, Werner SB, Tompkins LS, Vugia DJ. Postoperative Serratia marcescens wound infections traced to an out-of-hospital source. J Infect Dis. 1997;175:992-5.; Pickardt CR. Iodexposition und Schilddrüsenautonomie. In: Börkner W, Weinheimer B, Hrsg. Schilddrüse 1989. Primäre Diagnostik und Verlaufskontrolle der Struma. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter; 1991. p. 240-5.; Pitten FA, Herdemann G, Kramer A. The integrity of latex gloves in clinical dental practice. Infection. 2000;28:388-92.; Rath T, Meissel G. Induction of hyperthroidism in burn patients treated topically with povidone-iodine. Burns Therm Inj. 1988;14:320-2.; Reith PE, Granner DK. Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis in a women with a multinodular goiter taking levothyroxine. Arch Intern Med. 1985;145:355-61.; Rheinbaben v. F, Wolff MH. Handbuch der viruswirksamen Desinfektionen. Berlin: Springer; 2002.; Rotter M, Koller W, Neumann R. The influence of cosmetic additives on the acceptability of alcohol-based hand disinfectants. J Hosp Inf. 1991;18:57-63.; Rotter ML. Hand washing and hand disinfection. In: Mayhall CG, ed. Hospital epidemiology and infection control. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999. p. 1339-55.; Schubert R. Zur Kompatibilität von Hautpflege-Cremes mit Hautdesinfektions-Präparaten. Umweltmed. 1982;3:56-8.; Schulz F, Schifferdecker E, Althoff PH. Iodinduzierte hyperthyreote Krisen. Fortschr Med. 1987;105:48-51.; Schumm-Draeger PM. Iodinduzierte Hyperthyreose. In: Reinwein D, Weinheimer B, Hrsg. Schilddrüse 93, Therapie der Hyperthyreose. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter; 1994. p. 332-40.; TRGS 531. Gefährdung der Haut durch Arbeiten im feuchten Milieu. 1996.; Usadel KH. Zur Problematik der iodinduzierten Hyperthyreose. Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1985;65:75-8.; Warner RR, Stone KJ, Boissy YL. Hydration disrupts human stratum corneum ultrastructure. J Invest Dermatol. 2003;120:275-84.; WHO, ICCIDD. Assessment of the iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination. Geneva; 2001.; http://www.egms.de/en/journals/dgkh/2006-1/dgkh000014.shtml
-
10
المؤلفون: Ledel-Winnisch, Vera
مصطلحات موضوعية: Hygiene measures, Händewaschung, Skin protection fluid, Händedesinfektion, Hand disinfection, Hand washing, Skin microbiota, Hautschutz, Hygienemaßnahmen, Hautmikrobiota, Employee protection, Pharmaceutical production, Hautpflege, Gute Herstellungspraxis, Good manufacturing practice, Pharmazeutische Produktion, Mitarbeiterschutz, Skin care
وصف الملف: 85 Seiten; text/html
-
11Dissertation/ Thesis
المؤلفون: Ledel-Winnisch, Vera
مصطلحات موضوعية: Hautschutz, Mitarbeiterschutz, Hygienemaßnahmen, Händedesinfektion, Händewaschung, Pharmazeutische Produktion, Hautmikrobiota, Gute Herstellungspraxis, Hautpflege, Skin protection fluid, Employee protection, Hygiene measures, Hand disinfection, Hand washing, Pharmaceutical production, Skin microbiota, Good manufacturing practice, Skin care
جغرافية الموضوع: Wien, FCW:LS:BQ, vls-obvfcwoa-1303711
وصف الملف: 85 Seiten; text/html
Relation: vignette : https://pub.fh-campuswien.ac.at/titlepage/urn/urn:nbn:at:at-fhcw:1-26785/128; urn:nbn:at:at-fhcw:1-26785; https://resolver.obvsg.at/urn:nbn:at:at-fhcw:1-26785; local:99145729540003331; system:AC16083333
-
12Dissertation/ Thesis
المؤلفون: Blaak, Jürgen
Thesis Advisors: Apl. Prof. Dr. Nanna Y. Schürer, Hon. Prof. Dr. Dieter Lüttje
مصطلحات موضوعية: Altershaut, Hautalterung, Hautflora, Hautpflege, Epidermale Barriere, Aged Skin, Skin Aging, Skin Flora, Skin Care, Epidermal Barrier, 44.00 - Medizin: Allgemeines, 44.93 - Dermatologie, 44.68 - Gerontologie, Geriatrie, 44.20 - Persönliche Gesundheitspflege, Körperhygiene, ddc:610, ddc:500
وصف الملف: application/pdf; application/zip
-
13Dissertation/ Thesis
المؤلفون: Henschel, Wiebke
مصطلحات موضوعية: Hautschutz, Hautpflege, Hygiene, ddc:610
وصف الملف: application/pdf
Relation: https://epub.ub.uni-greifswald.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/1438; urn:nbn:de:gbv:9-002054-2; https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:9-002054-2; https://epub.ub.uni-greifswald.de/files/1438/diss_henschel_wiebke.pdf
-
14Dissertation/ Thesis
المؤلفون: Brune, Laura Sophia
مصطلحات موضوعية: Händedesinfektion, Hautschutz, Hautpflege, ddc:610
وصف الملف: application/pdf
Relation: https://epub.ub.uni-greifswald.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/1415; urn:nbn:de:gbv:9-002057-5; https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:9-002057-5; https://epub.ub.uni-greifswald.de/files/1415/Dissertation_Laura_Brune_2014.pdf
-
15
المصدر: GMS Krankenhaushygiene Interdisziplinär; VOL: 6; DOC08 /20111215/
GMS Krankenhaushygiene interdisziplinärمصطلحات موضوعية: Hautpflege, integumentary system, skin protection, intensive care nurses, ddc: 610, Pflegekräfte in der Intensivpflege, skin care, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine, Hautschutz, Article
-
16Report
المؤلفون: Hendrik N. Hoeck
المساهمون: Kompetenzzentrum für nicht-textuelle Materialien
مصطلحات موضوعية: Vertebrata - Wirbeltiere, biology, ethology, morphology, Encyclopaedia Cinematographica, personal care / Mammalia, Biologie, Mammalia - Säugetiere, skin care, Ethologie, Morphologie, zoology, mammalia - mammals, rock hyrax, Körperpflege / Mammalia, Procavia johnstoni, Klippschliefer, Zoologie, Schliefer / Klippschliefer, vertebrata - vertebrates, Hautpflege, Studienbereich Biologie, Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften
Relation: https://av.tib.eu/media/12677
الاتاحة: https://av.tib.eu/media/12677
-
17
-
18Report
المؤلفون: Hans Klingel, Ute Klingel
المساهمون: Kompetenzzentrum für nicht-textuelle Materialien
مصطلحات موضوعية: Staubbad, Mammalia - Säugetiere, skin care, Equus quagga, Perissodactyla - Unpaarhufer, zoology, mammalia - mammals, Körperpflege / Mammalia, plains zebra, dust bath, Zoologie, vertebrata - vertebrates, Hautpflege, Vertebrata - Wirbeltiere, biology, ethology, morphology, Zebra / Steppenzebra, zebra / plains zebra, Encyclopaedia Cinematographica, personal care / Mammalia, Biologie, Ethologie, Morphologie, perissodactyla - odd-toed ungulates (perissodactyls), Steppenzebra, grooming / Mammalia, Studienbereich Biologie, Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften
Relation: https://av.tib.eu/media/16167
الاتاحة: https://av.tib.eu/media/16167
-
19Report
المؤلفون: Klaus Zeeb
المساهمون: Kompetenzzentrum für nicht-textuelle Materialien
مصطلحات موضوعية: Landwirtschaft, Umweltwissenschaft/Ökologie, Mammalia - Säugetiere, skin care, domestic horse, Perissodactyla - Unpaarhufer, zoology, Equus caballus, mammalia - mammals, Agrar- und Forstwissenschaft, Körperpflege / Mammalia, Tierzucht, Tierhaltung, Haustierethologie, horse, Zoologie, vertebrata - vertebrates, Hautpflege, Viehwirtschaft, Haustiere, Vertebrata - Wirbeltiere, biology, ethology, morphology, Encyclopaedia Cinematographica, personal care / Mammalia, Biologie, Pferd, Hauspferd, Ethologie
Relation: https://av.tib.eu/media/12429
الاتاحة: https://av.tib.eu/media/12429
-
20
المؤلفون: Kramer, A
المصدر: GMS Krankenhaushygiene Interdisziplinär; VOL: 1; DOC14 /20060830/
مصطلحات موضوعية: Hautpflege, ddc: 610, Einreibetechnik, Handschuhwechsel, Wirksamkeit, Hautschutz, hygienische Händedesinfektion, Indikationen