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1Academic Journal
المؤلفون: Cockerham, C. Clark
المصدر: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1984 Jan . 81(2), 530-534.
URL الوصول: https://www.jstor.org/stable/22718
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2Academic Journal
المؤلفون: Davis, Harry Zvi, Peles, Yoram C.
المصدر: The Accounting Review, 1993 Oct 01. 68(4), 725-747.
URL الوصول: https://www.jstor.org/stable/248501
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3
المؤلفون: Borgschulte, Andreas (10847447)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Biophysics, Biochemistry, Medicine, Cell Biology, Pharmacology, Sociology, Inorganic Chemistry, Hematology, Space Science, Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified, right, gravimetrically, DOI, Fig, Phy, equilibrium values, acs.jpcc, Ni-zeolite 13 X beads, Terreni, water uptake, 8b, neutron imaging, Chem, neutron imaging Data
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4Academic Journal
المؤلفون: Hafez, M. A., Elsayed-Ali, H. E.
المصدر: Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications
مصطلحات موضوعية: Activation energy, Pulsed laser deposition, Surface diffusion, Ultrashort pulses, Equilibrium values, Intensity relaxation, Terrace width dynamics, Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Semiconductor and Optical Materials
وصف الملف: application/pdf
Relation: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/ece_fac_pubs/99; https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/context/ece_fac_pubs/article/1108/viewcontent/Hafez_activation.pdf
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5
مصطلحات موضوعية: PRICE LEVELS, BORDER PRICE, REAL INCOME, MARKET POWER, COMMUNICATION, WORLD TRADE, FOOD PRICE, EXCHANGE RATES, COMMODITIES, DOMESTIC PRICE, DEMAND FUNCTION, COMMODITY, CRITERIA, STOCKS, DOMESTIC MARKET, RISK AVERSION, EQUATIONS, LAGS, FAIR, PRICE STABILITY, INCOME, OUTCOMES, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRY, SUBSTITUTION, STOCK, FOOD PRICES, INCENTIVES, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX, DISTRIBUTION, FRAUD, OPPORTUNITY COST, PRODUCER PRICES, TRADE POLICY, STORAGE, MARGINAL COST, SUBSIDIES, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, RAPID EXPANSION, MARKETS, ECONOMICS RESEARCH, FAILURES, PRICES, OPEN ECONOMY, TRADE BARRIERS, SUPPLY ELASTICITY, OPTIMIZATION, PROFIT MAXIMIZATION, WELFARE, INCOMPLETE MARKETS, PRODUCTION, WORLD MARKET, ELASTICITY, PURCHASING, INFLUENCE, CONSUMPTION, INTEREST RATES, PRODUCER PRICE, THEORY, PRICE INDEX, CONSUMER PRICE, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, TRENDS, PRODUCTS, TRADE, EQUILIBRIUM, MARKET, RISK NEUTRAL, SUPPLY, TRADE POLICIES, PRICE CHANGES, PRICE POLICY, COMMODITY PRICE, CASH FLOW, COSTS, MARKETING, LAISSEZ‐FAIRE, AGRICULTURE, VALUE OF MONEY, PRICE CHANGE, FREE TRADE, DEMAND, ECONOMIC THEORY, PRICE ELASTICITY, CONSUMERS, MARKET PRICES, RISK‐AVERSE, DEMAND ELASTICITY, SURPLUS, PRODUCT, VARIABLES, PRIVATE ENTITY, PRICE RISK, RISK‐NEUTRAL, MULTIPLIERS, EXCHANGE, UTILITY, VALUE, SECURITY, EXPORTS, TIME VALUE OF MONEY, MARKET EQUILIBRIUM, PRICE INSTABILITY, AGGREGATE DEMAND, OUTPUTS, ARBITRAGE, ECONOMETRICS, BENCHMARK, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, CHOICE, OUTPUT, EXCHANGE RATE, ACCELERATOR, PRICE, TAXES, MARKET CONDITIONS, FLOOR PRICE, MARKET PRICE, STABILIZATION POLICY, PRICE VOLATILITY, CLOSED ECONOMY, PUBLIC POLICY, LAISSEZ FAIRE, PRICE BEHAVIOR, MARKET FAILURES, PRICE MOVEMENTS, SALES, EXPECTATIONS, BARRIERS, EQUILIBRIUM VALUES, INTEREST, INPUTS, SUBSIDY, CASH FLOWS, BIDDING, SAVINGS, PRICE STABILIZATION, DOMESTIC PRICES, SHARE, PRICE UNCERTAINTY, INTEREST RATE, STABILIZATION POLICIES, MARKET ECONOMY, VOLATILITY, MARGINAL UTILITY
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6
المؤلفون: de la Torre, Augusto, Ize, Alain
مصطلحات موضوعية: INVESTMENT, CAPITAL FLOWS, GROWTH RATES, TAX, STOCK MARKET, COUNTRY RISK, MIDDLE- INCOME COUNTRIES, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, EXCHANGE RATES, DEPOSIT, COMMODITY, FINANCIAL SECTOR, INVESTOR BEHAVIOR, INSTITUTIONAL INVESTOR, SAFETY NETS, CAPITAL CONTROLS, INCOME, DOMESTIC CAPITAL, DISPOSABLE INCOME, FINANCIAL CRISIS, CAPITAL FLIGHT, WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, BALANCE SHEETS, COLLATERAL, SHARES, FOREIGN FINANCING, RATE OF GROWTH, DEBT CRISES, CAPITAL INFLOW, SKILLED WORKERS, MARGINAL COST, INFLATION CRISIS, PENSIONS, TRADES, INCOMES, SOVEREIGN DEBT, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, CURRENT ACCOUNT SURPLUSES, GOVERNANCE INDICATORS, PRICES, OPEN ECONOMY, PURCHASING POWER, EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES, NATURAL RESOURCE, MONETARY POLICY, PUBLIC SAVINGS, LIQUIDITY, LONG-TERM FINANCE, INTEREST RATES, DEBT, TRADE, COST OF CAPITAL, DIVIDEND, SAVING, FINANCIAL SERVICES, MARKET VOLATILITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, CENTRAL BANK, INCOME GROUP, DIVIDENDS, CAPITAL OUTFLOWS, CAPITAL MARKET, INSURANCE POLICY, INTERNATIONAL RESERVE, MARKET BEHAVIOR, CREDIT CONSTRAINTS, BINDING CONSTRAINT, REGIME CHANGES, POLITICAL ECONOMY, FOREIGN ASSETS, EXCHANGE, AGGREGATE DEMAND, PRIVATE SAVING, CAPITAL MARKETS, EXTERNAL COMPETITIVENESS, GOVERNANCE, RISK PREMIUM, FINANCIAL CRISES, OUTPUT RATIOS, CAPITAL RATIO, FISCAL POLICY, OUTPUT, EXCHANGE RATE, RATE OF RETURN, HUMAN CAPITAL, FINANCIAL STABILITY, FOREIGN CAPITAL, INSURANCE, CURRENCY, RATE OF RETURN ON CAPITAL, PRICE, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, TAXES, EQUITY, CROSS-BORDER CAPITAL, INFLATION CRISES, INFLATION RATES, CAPITAL ACCOUNT, SOCIAL PROTECTION, OUTPUT RATIO, CLOSED ECONOMY, COMPETITION, DEBT CRISIS, COMMODITY PRICES, MACROECONOMIC POLICY, GROWTH RATE, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, FUTURE, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, CREDIT RATING, OUTPUT GAPS, EXPOSURE, GLOBALIZATION, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, INVESTOR, PUBLIC SAVING, LONG- TERM FINANCE, INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT, LIBERALIZATIONS, EQUILIBRIUM VALUES, INTEREST, EXTERNAL FINANCE, POWER PARITY, CURRENCY MISMATCHES, CAPITAL ACCUMULATION, NATURAL RESOURCES, SUBSIDY, SAVINGS, CAPITAL INFLOWS, FOREIGN DEBT, SHARE, INFLATION EPISODES, INTEREST RATE, FOREIGN CURRENCY, FACTORS OF PRODUCTION, GROWTH ●INVESTMENT, VOLATILITY
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7
المؤلفون: Dedry, Antoine, Onder, Harun, Pestieau, Pierre
المساهمون: UCL - SSH/IMMAQ/CORE - Center for operations research and econometrics
مصطلحات موضوعية: INVESTMENT, TAX, STATIC EQUILIBRIUM, CONTRIBUTION SYSTEM, DEMOGRAPHIC, ECONOMIC GROWTH, CRITERIA, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION, INCOME, MACROECONOMICS, OUTCOMES, PRODUCTIVITY, RETIREMENT AGES, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, FUNDED PENSIONS, WORLD POPULATION, INCENTIVES, PENSION, SHARES, RETIREMENT INCENTIVES, UTILITY MAXIMIZATION, MORTALITY DECLINE, LEVEL OF FERTILITY, EARLY RETIREMENT, DEFINED CONTRIBUTIONS, FERTILITY RATES, OLD AGE, ORGANIZATIONS, RETIREMENT SYSTEM, PENSIONS, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, PENSION CONTRIBUTION, MARKETS, ELDERLY PEOPLE, REAL WAGES, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS, WAGES, RETIREMENT DECISIONS, PENSION COVERAGE, FERTILITY, RETIREMENT, WELFARE, PROGRESS, social security, PRODUCTION, LABOR MARKET, ELDERLY, DECLINE IN FERTILITY, INCOME INEQUALITY, MORTALITY, CONSUMPTION, THEORY, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, public finance sustainability, FUNCTIONAL FORMS, MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY, WARS, YOUNG AGE, EQUILIBRIUM, RETIREMENT SYSTEMS, SAVING, RATE OF POPULATION GROWTH, CONTRIBUTION RATE, MANDATORY RETIREMENT, WEALTH, LOWER FERTILITY, ECONOMICS LITERATURE, ANNUITIES, EQUILIBRIUM VALUE, INCOME GROUP, SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, FUTURE RESEARCH, CAPITAL ACCUMULATIONS, OLD-AGE, UTILITY FUNCTION, CAPITAL, LIFE EXPECTANCY, DEFINED BENEFIT, EXCHANGE, ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS, UTILITY, VALUE, SECURITY, DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, ANNUITY, CAPITAL MARKETS, POLICIES, BOOM GENERATIONS, POLICY, CAPITAL STOCK, BABY, OUTPUT, H80, HUMAN CAPITAL, EFFECTS, RETIREMENT AGE, RESPECT, TAXES, F42, PENSION SYSTEMS, MIGRATION, HEALTHY LIFE, ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS, UNFUNDED PENSIONS, DEPENDENCY RATIO, POLICY RESEARCH, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS MODEL, FUTURE, MANAGEMENT, ddc:330, SHARE OF CAPITAL, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, LABOR, ECONOMICS, EQUILIBRIUM VALUES, INTEREST, aging, CAPITAL ACCUMULATION, LABOR FORCE, DEFINED BENEFITS, PENSION SYSTEM, SAVINGS, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, SHARE, H20, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
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8
المؤلفون: Do, Quy-Toan, Levchenko, Andrei A., Ravallion, Martin
مصطلحات موضوعية: ADVERSE SELECTION, AGGREGATE DEMAND, AGGREGATE SUPPLY, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, AGRICULTURE, ASSET MARKET, ASSET MARKETS, BENCHMARK, BUDGET CONSTRAINTS, CLASSICAL ECONOMISTS, COMMERCIAL POLICY, COMMODITIES, COMMODITY, COMMODITY PRICE, CONSUMERS, DEMAND FOR FOOD, DEMAND FUNCTIONS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC MARKETS, DOMESTIC PRICES, ECONOMIC HISTORY, EQUILIBRIUM, EQUILIBRIUM PRICE, EQUILIBRIUM PRICES, EQUILIBRIUM VALUES, EXPENDITURE, EXPORTS
وصف الملف: application/pdf; text/plain
Relation: Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6448; http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/05/17721206/trade-insulation-social-protection; https://hdl.handle.net/10986/15588
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9
المؤلفون: Wyplosz, Charles
مصطلحات موضوعية: PRICE LEVELS, BANK POLICY, EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES, TAX RATES, GROWTH RATES, TAX, BANKING SYSTEM, MARGINAL PRODUCT, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, STOCK PRICES, EXCHANGE RATES, NOMINAL INTEREST RATE, MONEY CREATION, INFLATION, EMERGING MARKET, MONEY GROWTH, OPEN MARKET, MONEY MARKETS, ASSET PRICE, RISE IN INFLATION, PRICE STABILITY, UNEMPLOYMENT, INCOME, MACROECONOMICS, INSTRUMENT, BAILOUT, FEDERAL RESERVE, REAL INTEREST RATE, LENDER OF LAST RESORT, FINANCIAL CRISIS, COMPETITIVENESS, INFLATION RATE, BANK BALANCE SHEETS, BANK OPERATIONS, RESERVE BANK OF AUSTRALIA, CREDIT GROWTH, JURISDICTION, FINANCIAL MARKET, RESERVES, ASSETS, GROWTH THEORY, MORAL HAZARD, OPPORTUNITY COST, SEIGNIORAGE, TRANSPARENCY, MARGINAL COST, FINANCIAL MARKETS, SOLVENCY, BANK OF JAPAN, RATE OF INFLATION, BORROWER, HOLDING, MARGINAL COSTS, ASSET PRICES, DEPOSITS, EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK, OUTPUT GAP, FEDERAL RESERVE BANK, TAX POLICY, WAGES, PURCHASING POWER, MONETARISTS, ECONOMIC SITUATION, INDEBTEDNESS, DECISION MAKING, ECONOMIC HISTORIANS, MONETARY POLICY, INFLATION TAX, REAL INTEREST, LIQUIDITY, CREDIT EXPANSION, FUTURE PRICE, PUBLIC DEBT, PUBLIC SECTOR, DEBT, COST OF CAPITAL, ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION, EQUILIBRIUM, SHORT TERM INTEREST RATES, PRICE CHANGES, TREASURIES, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, CENTRAL BANKING, PROFITABILITY, RESERVE BANK, BANKING SYSTEMS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AUTONOMY, CENTRAL BANK, MONETARY POLICIES, RETURN, WEALTH, BANK SECRECY, TAX RATE, ECONOMIC THEORY, CONSUMERS, RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH, MARKET PRICES, INFLATION TARGET, SOCIAL VALUE, INFLATIONARY PRESSURE, SYSTEMIC RISKS, CREDIBILITY, DEFICITS, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, MONEY SUPPLY, SMALL BANKS, BUDGET CONSTRAINT, PRICE SETTING, POLITICAL ECONOMY, PHILLIPS CURVE, LENDER, TAXATION, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, MARKET PARTICIPANTS, HOUSING PRICES, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, MONOPOLY, EXTERNAL COMPETITIVENESS, REAL INTEREST RATES, DEMAND FOR MONEY, FISCAL POLICY, OUTPUT, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, LIABILITY, EXCHANGE RATE, FINANCIAL STABILITY, EQUIPMENT, INSURANCE, HOLDINGS, CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE, FORECASTS, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INTEGRATION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS, INFLATION TARGETING, SHORT TERM INTEREST RATE, INFLATION RATES, TREASURY, MARKET CONDITIONS, VALUE OF COLLATERAL, BANK BAILOUTS, BAILOUTS, PUBLIC POLICY, ECONOMIC VOLATILITY, LOAN, TAX REVENUES, PUBLIC FINANCE, BANK CREDIT, GROWTH RATE, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, INFLATION TARGETS, MATURITY, COMMERCIAL BANKS, DURABLES, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES, MONEY MARKET, REAL GDP, INTERBANK MARKETS, MARKET FAILURES, EXPECTED RETURNS, FISCAL POLICIES, CENTRAL BANKS, WORLD ECONOMY, SUBSIDIARY, HOUSING, LOW INTEREST RATES, EQUILIBRIUM VALUES, OPEN MARKET OPERATIONS, RELATIVE PRICE, INFLATION EXPECTATIONS, WEALTH EFFECT, NATURAL RESOURCES, MONETARY ECONOMICS, INTEREST RATE, INVESTMENT SPENDING, PRESENT VALUE, ACCOUNTABILITY, YIELD CURVE
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المؤلفون: Montiel, Peter J., Servén, Luis
مصطلحات موضوعية: REAL INCOME, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL FLOWS, GROWTH RATES, SAVINGS RATES, SMALL SAVERS, NOMINAL INTEREST RATE, MACROECONOMIC IMPACT, FEDERAL RESERVE, RATE TARGETING, REAL INTEREST RATE, DISPOSABLE INCOME, EXCHANGE RATE DEPRECIATION, PENSION, BONDS, PER CAPITA INCOME, MACROECONOMIC MODELS, FINANCIAL SYSTEMS, RATE OF GROWTH, HIGH INFLATION, REAL EXCHANGE RATE, FINANCIAL MARKETS, NPL, RATE OF INFLATION, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, INCOMES, SAVING RATES, HOLDING, MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, REAL WAGES, CURRENT ACCOUNT SURPLUSES, FEDERAL RESERVE BANK, EXCESS DEMAND, GLOBAL ECONOMY, DOMESTIC MARKETS, EMPIRICAL STUDIES, EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES, FINANCIALLY OPEN ECONOMIES, EXCESS SUPPLY, POSTAL SAVING, LIQUIDITY, INTEREST RATES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, POVERTY REDUCTION, INCOME LEVELS, MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, EQUILIBRIUM, PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, WEALTH, EQUILIBRIUM VALUE, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, ECONOMIC REVIEW, GDP, DOMESTIC INFLATION, UTILITY FUNCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, TRADE BALANCE, OPEN ECONOMIES, BUDGET CONSTRAINT, ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES, POLITICAL ECONOMY, FORMAL FINANCIAL SECTOR, PUBLIC ECONOMICS, POSITIVE EFFECTS, GDP DEFLATOR, OLD AGE CRISIS, CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE, OVERVALUATION, DEMAND FOR MONEY, RISK PREMIUM, CAPITAL STOCK, FINANCIAL SYSTEM, FISCAL POLICY, ECONOMIC REFORM, PROVIDENT FUNDS, FINANCIAL REFORM, EXCHANGE RATE POLICY, INVESTMENT RATES, INCOME LEVEL, DOLLAR PRICE, REAL EXCHANGE RATES, FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE, GLOBALIZATION, REAL APPRECIATION, EQUILIBRIUM VALUES, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS, TRADING, RELATIVE PRICE, CAPITA INCOME, FINANCIAL STRUCTURE, REAL EXCHANGE, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL, TRANSACTION, BANK POLICY, GROWTH RATE OF INCOME, CAPITAL FLOWS, TAX, CORPORATE SAVING, DEMOGRAPHIC, ECONOMIC GROWTH, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, TRANSACTION COSTS, FINANCIAL SECTOR, PERMANENT INCOME, INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT, LONG TERM, FIXED EXCHANGE RATE, MACROECONOMICS, INSTRUMENT, FINANCIAL SECTOR STABILITY, PRODUCTIVITY, DOMESTIC CAPITAL, INFLATION RATE, DOMESTIC ECONOMY, EXOGENOUS SHOCKS, FOREIGN FINANCING, OPPORTUNITY COST, LIQUIDITY CONSTRAINTS, RAPID GROWTH, DOMESTIC COMPETITION, CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING, RATE OF INVESTMENT, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, HOUSEHOLD SAVING, OPEN ECONOMY, CAPITAL GAINS, SUSTAINED GROWTH, CONSUMPTION LEVELS, CAPITAL MOBILITY, PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE, REAL INTEREST, GDP PER CAPITA, CAPITAL MOVEMENTS, PUBLIC SECTOR, MACRO STABILITY, MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT, POLITICAL ECONOMY OF REFORM, DISEQUILIBRIUM, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, CENTRAL BANK, RETURN, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, DIVIDENDS, PRIVATE CONSUMPTION, RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH, TAX INCENTIVES, EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES, MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT, REAL EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, INTERNATIONAL PORTFOLIO, AGGREGATE DEMAND, PRIVATE SAVING, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, FUTURE GROWTH, REAL INTEREST RATES, OUTPUT, RESERVE, FINANCIAL SAVING, TRANSACTIONS COSTS, INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND, HOLDINGS, RESTRICTIONS ON ENTRY, CURRENT ACCOUNT, FINANCIAL INSTITUTION, GNP, DOLLAR PRICES, ECONOMIC POLICY, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, PUBLIC POLICY, EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEM, GROWTH RATE, MACROECONOMIC POLICY, CONSUMER CREDIT, INTERNATIONAL BANK, MONETARY FUND, FISCAL POLICIES, INTERNATIONAL BORROWING, INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES, PUBLIC SAVING, NOMINAL EXCHANGE RATE, STABLE INFLATION, NATIONAL SAVING, HOUSEHOLD SAVING RATE, CAPITAL ACCUMULATION, NATURAL RESOURCES, SAVINGS, EXOGENOUS VARIABLES, PROVIDENT FUND, CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT, ECONOMIC RESEARCH, CORPORATE PROFITS, MARGINAL UTILITY
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11Academic Journal
المؤلفون: Rhamdhani, MA, Coley, KS, Brooks, GA
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12Academic Journal
المؤلفون: Sarzyńska J.
المساهمون: Kuliński T.
مصطلحات موضوعية: CHARMM, force field, nucleic acids, 2-thiouracil, 4-thiouracil, molecular dynamics, quantum mechanical calculations1. INTRODUCTIONOver the last several years, the main goal of molecularbiology became the understanding of the functions ofbiological molecules in terms of structure, interactions andprocesses at the atomic level. Beside the experimentaltechniques, computer modeling and simulations, providinginformation at atomic level and enhancing the interpretationof the biophysical and biochemical experimental dataare widely used in the study of biomolecules. Despitethe extremely fast progress of computing power, such calculationshave to be based on a compromise betweenthe complexity of the description of the molecular system,the number of atoms included, and the computational timerequired for a reliable description of the investigatedprocess.The most efficient and commonly used in studies oflarge and complex biological systems are the techniquesbased on empirical force field. The force field comprisesthe potential energy function U(R) and parameters [1]. Thepotential energy function is a mathematical equation whichallows calculating the potential energy as a function ofthree-dimensional structure. Parameters are related to thechemical structure of studied molecule. The force fielddescribes entire classes of the molecules with compromisedaccuracy, as an extrapolation from the empirical data of arepresentative set of molecules.The majority of biomolecular simulations were performedwith CHARMM [2, 3] or AMBER [4] program.The force fields developed within these programs are referredto as CHARMM and AMBER force field, respectively.The potential energy for the CHARMM force field hasa form:( ) ( )( ) ( ( ))( )2 20 UB 0bonds UB20angle dihedrals20impropers12 6min minnonbonded( )1 cos.ƒĆ ƒÔ.ƒĆ ƒĆ ƒÔ ƒÂ. .ƒĂ= . + . ++ . + + . ++ . +. . . . . . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ƒ° ƒ°ƒ° ƒ°ƒ°ƒ° ij ijbi jijij ij D ijU R K b b K S SK K nKR R q qr r . rThe optimized parameters are equilibrium values ofbond length, b0, Urey-Bradley 1.3 distance, S0, valenceangle, ƒĆ0, improper torsion angle, ƒÓ0, and force constants ofbond, Kb, Urey-Bradley, KUB, valence angle, KƒĆ, dihedralangles
وصف الملف: application/pdf
Relation: oai:lib.psnc.pl:publication:684; https://lib.psnc.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=581; oai:lib.psnc.pl:581; http://lib.psnc.pl/Content/581/10.12921_cmst.2005.11.01.49-55_Sarzynska.pdf
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المؤلفون: Ortega, Horacio
المصدر: Universidad, Ciencia y Tecnología, Volume: 9, Issue: 35, Pages: 119-123, Published: SEP 2005
مصطلحات موضوعية: Saturación, Valores de equilibrio, Cycles, Lemmna SP Evolution, Equilibrium Values, Critical Values, Evolución de la Lemna SP, Eutrophization, Saturation, Valores críticos, Ciclos, Eutrofización
وصف الملف: text/html
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14Academic Journal
المؤلفون: Julia T. Early (7378715), Alison Block (10804058), Kevin G. Yager (1276605), Timothy P. Lodge (1271460)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Biophysics, Biochemistry, Medicine, Cell Biology, Biotechnology, Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified, Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified, Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified, TR-SAXS, PEO coronas, aggregation numbers, fragmentation kinetics, Nonequilibrium PB-PEO micelles, micelle radius, 10 4, jump DLS, equilibrium values, Molecular Weight Dependence, Block Copolymer Micelle Fragmentati., polymerization N, time-resolved small-angle X-ray
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15Academic Journal
مصطلحات موضوعية: FINANCIAL RATIOS, EQUILIBRATING FORCES, EQUILIBRIUM VALUES, eco, manag
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